Vienna

== Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|1637|60,000
|1683|90,000
|1710|113,800
|1754|175,460
|1783|247,753
|1793|271,800
|1830|401,200
|1840|469,400
|1850|551,300
|1857|683,000
|1869|900,998
|1880|1,162,591
|1890|1,430,213
|1900|1,769,137
|1910|2,083,630
|1916|2,239,000
|1923|1,918,720
|1934|1,935,881
|1939|1,770,938
|1951|1,616,125
|1961|1,627,566
|1971|1,619,885
|1981|1,535,145
|1990|1,492,636
|2000|1,548,537
|2005|1,632,569
|2010|1,689,995
|2015|1,797,337
|2020|1,911,728
|2023|2,002,821
|footnote=2023 data<ref name="Pop2023" />
}}
[[File:Vienna population pyramid in 2022.svg|thumb|Vienna population pyramid in 2022]]
{|class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Significant foreign resident groups<ref>{{cite report |title=Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Wien 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Yearbook of the City of Vienna 2019 |url=https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/jahrbuch-2019.pdf#page=67 |page=69 |date=November 2019 |publisher=Stadt Wien (City of Vienna) |access-date=29 June 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701040527/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/jahrbuch-2019.pdf#page=67 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! Country of birth||Population as of<br />31 December 2022
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}||88,715
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}||65,650
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}||60,513
|-
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||50,036
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}||48,741
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}||40,054
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}||39,327
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}||34,285
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}||25,084
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}||24,145
|-
|}
Because of the industrialization and migration from other parts of the Empire, the population of Vienna increased sharply during its time as the capital of [[Austria-Hungary]] (1867–1918). In 1910, Vienna had more than two million inhabitants, and was the third [[List of cities proper by population|largest city]] in Europe after London and Paris.<ref>{{cite book |title=Frommer's Vienna & the Danube Valley |last=Porter |first=Darwin |author2=Prince, Danforth |year=2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-49488-2 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b6jLTn7cN3oC&pg=PA16}}</ref> Around the start of the 20th century, Vienna was the city with the second-largest [[Czechs|Czech]] population in the world (after [[Prague]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wieninternational.at/en/node/3586 |title=Czech and Slovak roots in Vienna |publisher=Wieninternational.at |access-date=19 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512221406/http://www.wieninternational.at/en/node/3586 |archive-date=12 May 2014}}</ref> After World War I, many [[Czechs in Vienna|Czechs]] and [[Hungarians in Vienna|Hungarians]] returned to their ancestral countries, resulting in a decline in the Viennese population. After World War II, the Soviets used force to repatriate key workers of Czech, Slovak and Hungarian origins to return to their ethnic homelands to further the Soviet bloc economy.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} The population of Vienna generally stagnated or declined through the remainder of the 20th century, not demonstrating significant growth again until the census of 2000. In 2020, Vienna's population remained significantly below its reported peak in 1916.

Under the Nazi regime, 65,000 [[Jews in Vienna|Jews]] were deported and murdered in concentration camps by Nazi forces; approximately 130,000 fled.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0020_0_20409.html |title=Vienna |publisher=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org |access-date=19 May 2012 |archive-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113005420/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0020_0_20409.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

By 2001, 16% of people living in Austria had nationalities other than Austrian, nearly half of whom were from former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/static/bevoelkerung_2001_nach_umgangssprache_staatsangehoerigkeit_und_geburtsland_022896.pdf |title=Bevölkerung 2001 nach Umgangssprache, Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland |access-date=19 May 2012 |archive-date=13 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113171636/http://www.statistik.at/web_de/static/bevoelkerung_2001_nach_umgangssprache_staatsangehoerigkeit_und_geburtsland_022896.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/sr/be%C4%8D-bo%C5%BEi%C4%87-na-gastarbajterski-na%C4%8Din/a-5096611?maca=ser-TB_ser_politka1-3157-html-cb |title=Beč: Božić na gastarbajterski način &#124; Evropa &#124; Deutsche Welle &#124; 7 January 2010 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=22 January 2010 |archive-date=5 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705002924/http://www.dw.com/sr/be%C4%8D-bo%C5%BEi%C4%87-na-gastarbajterski-na%C4%8Din/a-5096611?maca=ser-TB_ser_politka1-3157-html-cb |url-status=live }}</ref> the next most numerous nationalities in Vienna were [[Turkey|Turks]] (39,000; 2.5%), [[Poland|Poles]] (13,600; 0.9%) and Germans (12,700; 0.8%).

{{As of|2012}}, an official report from Statistics Austria showed that more than 660,000 (38.8%) of the Viennese population have full or partial migrant background, mostly from Ex-Yugoslavia, Turkey, Germany, Poland, Romania and Hungary.<ref name="Statistik Austria-2022" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/viennainfigures.pdf |title=Vienna in figures 2012, Vienna City Administration Municipal Department 23 Economic history, Labour and Statistics Responsible for the contents: Gustav Lebhart, page 6 |access-date=21 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018165619/http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/viennainfigures.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

From 2005 to 2015 the city's population grew by 10.1%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/viennainfigures.pdf |title=Vienna in figures |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085024/http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/viennainfigures.pdf |archive-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> According to [[UN-Habitat]], Vienna could be the fastest growing city out of 17 European metropolitan areas until 2025 with an increase of 4.65% of its population, compared to 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unhabitat.org.jo/en/inp/Upload/1052216_Data%20tables.pdf |publisher=UN-Habitat |title=City population by country |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925074331/http://www.unhabitat.org.jo/en/inp/Upload/1052216_Data%20tables.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Population by migration background (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Migrationshintergrund |url=https://www.statistik.at/statistiken/bevoelkerung-und-soziales/bevoelkerung/migration-und-einbuergerung/migrationshintergrund |access-date=24 March 2024 |website=STATISTIK AUSTRIA |language=de-AT}}</ref>
!Background
!Nos.
|-
|Native born
|style="text-align:right;"|970,900
|-
|1st generation migration background
|style="text-align:right;"|739,500
|-
|2nd generation migration background
|style="text-align:right;"|242,900
|-
!Total
!1,953,300
|}

=== Religion===

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Vienna (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000136038218/mehr-orthodoxe-christen-muslime-und-konfessionslose-in-wien |title=Mehr orthodoxe Christen, Muslime und Konfessionslose in Wien |access-date=23 July 2022 |archive-date=23 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723125449/https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000136038218/mehr-orthodoxe-christen-muslime-und-konfessionslose-in-wien |url-status=live }}</ref>
|label2 = [[Catholic Church in Austria|Catholic Church]]
|value2 = 32
|color2 = #2243B6
|label3 = [[Eastern Orthodoxy in Austria|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|value3 = 11
|color3 = Orchid
|label4 = [[Islam in Austria|Islam]]
|value4 = 15
|color4 = Green
|label5 = Other
|value5 = 8
|color5 = WhiteSmoke
|label1 = Unaffiliated
|value1 = 34
|color1 = Yellow
}}

According to the 2021 census, 49.0% of Viennese were Christian - among them 31,8% Catholic, 11,2% Eastern Orthodox and 3,7% Protestant (mostly Lutheran) -, while 34.1% were of no religion, 14.8% were Muslim, and 2% were of other religions, including Jewish.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KLIMONT |first=Jeannette |date=5 May 2022 |title=Religionszugehörigkeit 2021: drei Viertel bekennen sich zu einer Religion |url=https://www.statistik.at/fileadmin/announcement/2022/05/20220525Religionszugehoerigkeit2021.pdf |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=Statistik Austria}}</ref> One sources estimates that Vienna's Jewish community is of 8,000 members meanwhile another suggest 15,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ikg-wien.at/en/about-the-jewish-community-of-vienna |title=About the Jewish Community of Vienna |language=en |access-date=14 May 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=14 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514134526/https://www.ikg-wien.at/en/about-the-jewish-community-of-vienna }}</ref><ref name="Vienna Direct d705">{{cite web | title=Synagogues in Vienna | website=Vienna Direct | url=https://www.viennadirect.com/living/synagogues.php | access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref>

Based on information provided to city officials by various religious organizations about their membership, Vienna's Statistical Yearbook 2019 reports in 2018 an estimated 610,269 Roman Catholics, or 32.3% of the population, and 200,000 (10.4%) Muslims, 70,298 (3.7%) Orthodox, 57,502 (3.0%) other Christians, and 9,504 (0.5%) other religions.<ref>{{cite report |title=Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Wien 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Yearbook of the City of Vienna 2019 |url=https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/jahrbuch-2019.pdf#page=172 |page=174 |date=November 2019 |language=de |publisher=Magistrat der Stadt Wienn – Stadt Wien Wirtschaft, Arbeit und Statistik |access-date=29 June 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701040527/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/jahrbuch-2019.pdf#page=172 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A study conducted by the [[Vienna Institute of Demography]] estimated the 2018 proportions to be 34% Catholic, 30% unaffiliated, 15% Muslim, 10% Orthodox, 4% Protestant, and 6% other religions.<ref>{{cite report |first1=Anne |last1=Goujon |first2=Claudia |last2=Reiter |first3=Michaela |last3=Potančoková |title=Vienna Institute of Demography Working Papers 13/2018 – Religious Affiliations in Austria at the Provincial Level: Estimates for Vorarlberg, 2001–2018 |url=https://www.oeaw.ac.at/fileadmin/subsites/Institute/VID/IMG/Publications/Working_Papers/WP2018_13.pdf#page=19 |pages=18–19 |publisher=[[Vienna Institute of Demography]] – [[Austrian Academy of Sciences]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mehr orthodoxe Christen, Muslime und Konfessionslose in Wien |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000136038218/mehr-orthodoxe-christen-muslime-und-konfessionslose-in-wien |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=DER STANDARD |language=de-AT |archive-date=23 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723125449/https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000136038218/mehr-orthodoxe-christen-muslime-und-konfessionslose-in-wien |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of the spring of 2014, Muslims made up 30% of the total proportion of schoolchildren in Vienna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The European capital where there are more Muslim than Catholic children in state primary schools |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/muslim-catholic-children-viennas-state-primary-schools-102432801.html |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=uk.news.yahoo.com |date=27 September 2017 |language=en-GB |archive-date=6 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106154721/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/muslim-catholic-children-viennas-state-primary-schools-102432801.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2017 |title='Islamic' kindergartens: Vienna's Muslim preschools cause a stir in Austria |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/islamic-kindergartens-vienna-s-muslim-preschools-cause-a-stir-in-austria/story-oVNNlceakLKR4iNAf9NvnI.html |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=6 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106154720/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/islamic-kindergartens-vienna-s-muslim-preschools-cause-a-stir-in-austria/story-oVNNlceakLKR4iNAf9NvnI.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Vienna is the seat of the Metropolitan [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna]], in which is also vested the exempt [[Ordinariate]] for Byzantine-Rite Catholics in Austria; its [[Archbishop of Vienna|Archbishop]] is [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Christoph Schönborn]]. Many [[Catholic Church]]es in central Vienna feature performances of religious or other music, including masses sung to classical music and organ. Some of Vienna's most significant historical buildings are Catholic churches, including the [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna|St. Stephen's Cathedral]] (''Stephansdom''), [[Karlskirche]], [[Peterskirche, Vienna|Peterskirche]] and the [[Votive Church, Vienna|Votivkirche]]. On the banks of the Danube, there is a Buddhist [[Peace Pagoda]], built in 1983 by the monks and nuns of [[Nipponzan Myohoji]].