The Bronx

===Revitalization===
[[File:Melrosebx1.JPG|thumb|[[Row houses]] on a location where there was once burnt rubble. The Bronx has since seen revitalization.|alt=four-story houses along a city street]]

Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan"<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/07/realestate/perspectives-the-10-year-housing-plan-issues-for-the-90-s-management-and-costs.html "Perspectives: The 10-Year Housing Plan; Issues for the 90's: Management and Costs"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 7, 1990. Accessed January 2, 2024.</ref><ref>[http://www.fanniemaefoundation.org/programs/hpd/pdf/hpd_1004_ryzin.pdf "Neighborhood Change and the City of New York's Ten-Year Housing Plan]. ''Housing Policy Debate'', Volume 10, Issue 4. Fannie Mae Foundation 1999.</ref> and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating [[affordable housing]]. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Nehemiah Homes with about 1,000 units. The grass roots organization Nos Quedamos' endeavor known as Melrose Commons<ref>[http://www.sustainable.org/casestudies/SIA_PDFs/SIA_New_York.pdf NOS QUEDAMOS/WE STAY "Melrose Commons, Bronx, New York"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819191424/http://www.sustainable.org/casestudies/SIA_PDFs/SIA_New_York.pdf |date=August 19, 2008 }}. Sustainable Communities Network Case Studies. ''Sustainability in Action'', 1997, retrieved on July 6, 2008</ref><ref>David Gonzalez, [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/19/obituaries/19garcia.html "Yolanda Garcia, 53, Dies; A Bronx Community Force"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 19, 2005, retrieved on July 6, 2008</ref><ref>Meera Subramanian, [http://journalism.nyu.edu/portfolio/subramanian/SBxGardens.html "Homes and Gardens in the South Bronx"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821135846/http://journalism.nyu.edu/portfolio/subramanian/SBxGardens.html |date=August 21, 2008 }}, ''Portfolio'', November 8, 2005, [[New York University]] Department of Journalism, retrieved on July 6, 2008</ref> began to rebuild areas in the South Bronx.<ref>{{cite news | last=Powell | first=Michael | title=How the South Bronx's Ruins Became Fertile Ground | department=City Room | newspaper = The New York Times | date=July 27, 2011 | url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/27/how-the-south-bronxs-ruins-became-fertile-ground/ | access-date=November 1, 2015}}</ref> The [[IRT White Plains Road Line]] ({{NYCS trains|White Plains}}) began to show an increase in riders. Chains such as [[Marshalls]], [[Staples Inc.|Staples]], and [[Target Corporation|Target]] opened stores in the Bronx. More bank branches opened in the Bronx as a whole (rising from 106 in 1997 to 149 in 2007), although not primarily in poor or minority neighborhoods, while the Bronx still has fewer branches per person than other boroughs.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/09/10/2007-09-10_wealthy_are_drowning_in_new_bank_branche.html "Wealthy are drowning in new bank branches, says study"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724203846/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/09/10/2007-09-10_wealthy_are_drowning_in_new_bank_branche.html |date=July 24, 2008 }}, ''[[New York Daily News]]'', September 10, 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.banking.state.ny.us/sp070615.htm "Superintendent Neiman Addresses the Ninth Annual Bronx Bankers Breakfast"], June 15, 2007 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109212357/http://www.banking.state.ny.us/sp070615.htm |date=January 9, 2009 }}. Among the remarks of Richard H. Neiman, New York State's Superintendent of Banks, were these: "The Bronx was an economically stable community until the mid-1960s when the entire South Bronx struggled with major construction, real estate issues, red-lining, and block busting. This included a thoroughfare that divided communities, the deterioration of property as a result of rent control, and decrease in the value of real estate.

Due to strong community leadership, advances in policing, social services, and changing economic migration patterns to New York City, the Bronx is undergoing a resurgence, with new housing developments and thriving business. From 2000 to 2006, there was a 2.2% increase in population, and home ownership rates increased by 19.6%. Still, bank branches were absent in places such as Community districts 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12."</ref><ref>[http://www.hispanicmpr.com/2007/12/11/new-bank-targets-latinos-in-south-bronx/ "New bank targets Latinos in South Bronx"] December 11, 2007</ref>{{full citation needed|date=July 2022}}<ref>On June 30, 2005, there were 129 federally insured banking offices in the Bronx, for a ratio of 1.0 offices for every 10,000 inhabitants. By contrast the national financial center of Manhattan had 555 for a ratio of 3.5/10,000, Staten Island a ratio of 1.9, Queens 1.7 and Brooklyn 1.1. In New York State as a whole the ratio was 2.6 and in the United States, 3.5 (a single office can serve more people in a more densely populated area). [[U.S. Census Bureau]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110102191509/http://www.census.gov/statab/ccdb/cc07_tabB11.xls "Table B-11. Counties – Banking, Retail Trade, and Accommodation and Food Services"], ''City and County Data Book'', 2007. For 1997 and 2007, [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]], [http://www4.fdic.gov/SOD/sodSummary.asp?barItem=3 "Summary of Deposits; summary tables"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218061429/http://www2.fdic.gov/sod/sodSummary.asp?barItem=3 |date=December 18, 2008 }}. Deposits of all FDIC-Insured Institutions Operating in New York: State Totals by County – all retrieved on July 15–16, 2008.</ref>

[[File:The Bronx - All-America City sign - panoramio.jpg|The Bronx – All-America City sign|alt=The Bronx – All-America City sign|thumb]]

In 1997, the Bronx was designated an ''[[All America City]]'' by the [[National Civic League]], acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century.<ref>{{cite news | last=Smalls | first=F. Romall | title=The Bronx Is Named an 'All-America' City | website=The New York Times | date=July 20, 1997 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/20/nyregion/the-bronx-is-named-an-all-america-city.html | access-date=November 1, 2015}}</ref> In 2006, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings."<ref name="thonx">{{cite news |last=Williams |first=Timothy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/27/nyregion/27bronx.html |title=Celebrities Now Give Thonx for Their Roots in the Bronx |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 27, 2006 |access-date=March 14, 2008}}</ref> The borough has experienced substantial new building construction since 2002. Between 2002 and June 2007, 33,687 new units of housing were built or were under way and $4.8&nbsp;billion has been invested in new housing. In the first six months of 2007 alone total investment in new residential development was $965&nbsp;million and 5,187 residential units were scheduled to be completed. Much of the new development is springing up in formerly vacant lots across the South Bronx.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/07232007/news/regionalnews/bx__is_booming_regionalnews_tom_topousis.htm |title=Bx is Booming |work=[[New York Post]] |first=Tom |last=Topousis |date=July 23, 2007 |access-date=March 15, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111114655/http://www.nypost.com/seven/07232007/news/regionalnews/bx__is_booming_regionalnews_tom_topousis.htm |archive-date=January 11, 2009 }}</ref>

In addition there came a revitalization of the existing housing market in areas such as Hunts Point, the Lower Concourse, and the neighborhoods surrounding the Third Avenue Bridge as people buy apartments and renovate them.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kaysen|first1=Rhonda|title=The South Bronx Beckons|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/20/realestate/the-south-bronx-beckons.html?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 17, 2015}}</ref> Several boutique and chain hotels opened in the 2010s in the [[South Bronx]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Slattery|first1=Denis|title=The Bronx is booming with boutique and luxury hotels|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/bronx-booming-boutique-luxury-hotels-article-1.1937956|newspaper=[[New York Daily News|Daily News]]|location=New York City|date=September 15, 2014}}</ref>

New developments are underway. The Bronx General Post Office<ref>[http://www.usps.com/communications/newsroom/localnews/ny/2009/ny_2009_0211.htm "NYC Post Offices to observe Presidents' Day"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606073444/http://www.usps.com/communications/newsroom/localnews/ny/2009/ny_2009_0211.htm |date=June 6, 2011 }}. [[United States Postal Service]]. February 11, 2009. Retrieved on May 5, 2009.</ref><ref>"[https://archive.today/20120715092933/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/33768?p=1&s=ny&service_name=post_office&z=10451 "Post Office Location – BRONX GPO"]. [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on May 5, 2009.</ref> on the corner of the Grand Concourse and East 149th Street is being converted into a market place, boutiques, restaurants and office space with a USPS concession.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anthony|first1=Madeline|title=Bronx GPO conversion to retail space in motion|publisher=Bronx Times Reporter|date=March 18–24, 2016|page=28}}</ref> The [[Kingsbridge Armory]], often cited as the largest armory in the world, is currently slated for redevelopment.
Under consideration for future development is the construction of a platform over the [[New York City Subway]]'s [[Concourse Yard]] adjacent to [[Lehman College]]. The construction would permit approximately {{convert|2,000,000|ft2|m2}} of development and would cost {{US$|350–500 million}}.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wirsing|first1=Robert|title=Concourse Yard revisited as 'new' development site|publisher=Bronx Times Reporter|date=February 12, 2016}}</ref>

Despite significant investment compared to the post war period, many exacerbated social problems remain including high rates of violent crime, substance abuse, overcrowding, and substandard housing conditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gothamist.com/news/bronx-has-highest-crime-rate-nyc-what-do-locals-want-next-mayor-do-about-it |title=The Bronx Has The Highest Crime Rate In NYC. What Do Locals Want The Next Mayor To Do About It? |work=The Gothamist |last=Cruz |first=David |date=June 17, 2021 |access-date=February 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/epi/databrief129.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/epi/databrief129.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |title=Epi Data Brief: Unintentional Drug Poisoning (Overdose) Deaths in New York City in 2020 |date=November 2021 |number=129 |publisher=New York City Health |access-date=February 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gothamist.com/news/fatal-fire-bronx-tragedy-rooted-past |title=Fatal Fire In The Bronx: Tragedy Rooted In The Past |work=The Gothamist |last=Venugopal |first=Arun |date=January 19, 2022 |access-date=February 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Seiden |first=Aidan |url=https://www.amny.com/news/report-finds-the-bronx-was-the-coldest-borough-with-several-heat-complaints-this-winter/ |title=Report finds the Bronx was the coldest borough with several heat complaints this winter &#124; amNewYork |publisher=Amny.com |date=January 25, 2022 |accessdate=February 4, 2022}}</ref> The Bronx has the highest rate of poverty in New York City, and the greater South Bronx is the poorest area.<ref>{{cite news|first=Richard |last=Sisk |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/south-bronx-poorest-district-nation-u-s-census-bureau-finds-38-live-poverty-line-article-1.438344 |title=South Bronx is poorest district in nation, U.S. Census Bureau finds: 38% live below poverty line |newspaper=New York Daily News |date=September 29, 2010 |access-date=February 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2010/09/30/the-poorest-congressional-district-in-america-right-here-in-new-york-city/ |title=The Poorest Congressional District in America? Right Here, in New York City |work=The Village Voice |date= September 30, 2010|access-date=February 4, 2022}}</ref>