Scandinavia

==== As a demonym ====
Additionally the term Scandinavian is used demonymically to refer to all modern inhabitants or citizens of Scandinavian countries. Within Scandinavia the demonymic term primarily refers to inhabitants or citizens of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. In English usage inhabitants or citizens of Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Finland are sometimes included as well. English general dictionaries often define the noun ''Scandinavian'' demonymically as meaning any inhabitant of Scandinavia (which might be narrowly conceived or broadly conceived).<ref name=":1">'[https://web.archive.org/web/20200519233752/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/scandinavian Scandinavian, noun]', ''Lexico: Powered By Oxford''.</ref><ref>'[[mwod:Scandinavian|Scandinavian noun]]', ''Merriam-Webster''.</ref><ref>'[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/scandinavian Scandinavian 2. countable noun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127171335/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/scandinavian |date=27 November 2019 }}', ''Collins Cobuild''.</ref> There is a certain ambiguity and political contestation as to which peoples should be referred to as Scandinavian in this broader sense. [[Sámi]] people who live in Norway and Sweden are generally included as Scandinavians in the demonymic sense; the Sámi of Finland may be included in English usage, but usually not in local usage; the Sámi of Russia are not included. However, the use of the term "Scandinavian" with reference to the Sámi is complicated by the historical attempts by Scandinavian majority peoples and governments in Norway and Sweden to assimilate the [[Sámi]] people into the Scandinavian culture and languages, making the inclusion of the Sámi as "Scandinavians" controversial among many Sámi. Modern Sámi politicians and organizations often stress the status of the Sámi as a people separate from and equal to the Scandinavians, with their own language and culture, and are apprehensive about being included as "Scandinavians" in light of earlier Scandinavian assimilation policies.<ref>Mathisen, Stein R. 2004. "Ethnic Identities in Global and Local Discourses: Contested Narratives of Sámi Ethnic Heritage". In Cultural Identity in Transition: Contemporary Conditions, Practices and Politics of a Global Phenomenon. Edited by Jari Kupiainen, Erkki Sevänen, John A. Stotesbury. Atlantic.</ref><ref>Birgitta Jahreskog, The Sami national minority in Sweden, Rättsfonden, 2009, {{ISBN|9780391026872}}</ref>