Oklahoma City bombing

==Casualties==
[[File:MurrahBuildingInjuriesbyFloorOCB.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Diagram of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building with different color triangles on each floor. Some floors have more triangles than others, as well as different color ones. The title of the image is located on top, while a legend explaining the meaning of the different color triangles is on the bottom right.|Floor-by-floor diagram detailing the location of the victims in the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.]]
An estimated 646&nbsp;people were inside the building when the bomb exploded.<ref name="TreatingComp61">{{cite book|last=Figley|first=Charles R|title=treating Compassion Fatigue|page=61|isbn=978-1-58391-053-5|year=2002|publisher=Brunner-Routledge }}</ref> By the end of the day, 14 adults and six children were confirmed dead, and over 100 injured.<ref name="Jennings 1995-04-19">{{cite episode|title=April&nbsp;19, 1995|series=[[World News Tonight With Peter Jennings#World News Tonight with Peter Jennings: 1983–2005|World News Tonight With Peter Jennings]]|season=31|network=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]|airdate=April 19, 1995}}</ref> The toll eventually reached 168&nbsp;confirmed dead, not including an unmatched left leg that could have belonged to an unidentified 169th victim.<ref name="LeftLeg">{{cite news|last=Thomas |first=Jo |date=May 23, 1997 |title=McVeigh Defense Team Suggests Real Bomber Was Killed in Blast |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/23/us/mcveigh-defense-team-suggests-real-bomber-was-killed-in-blast.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205081115/http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=1980 |archive-date=December 5, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="WritingEnd100">{{Cite journal |title=Writing at the End of the World |journal=Nature |volume=555 |issue=7695 |author=Miller, Richard Earl |page=100 |bibcode=2018Natur.555..280Y |year=2018 |doi=10.1038/d41586-018-02750-3 |pmid=32095008 |s2cid=3724280}}</ref> Most of the deaths resulted from the collapse of the building, rather than the bomb blast itself.<ref name="GSACollapse">{{cite news|author=United States Department of Defense|title=Design of Buildings to Resist Progressive Collapse|date=January 25, 2005 |url=http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/pbs/Standards_Design_of_Buildings_to_Resist_Progressive_Collapse.pdf|publisher=[[General Services Administration]]|page=14|access-date=June 5, 2009|author-link=United States Department of Defense|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224100155/http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/pbs/Standards_Design_of_Buildings_to_Resist_Progressive_Collapse.pdf|archive-date=December 24, 2013}}</ref> Those killed included 163 who were in the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, one person in the Athenian Building, one woman in a parking lot across the street, a man and woman in the Oklahoma Water Resources building and a rescue worker struck on the head by debris.<ref name="CasualtyLocation">{{cite journal |last=Mallonee |first=Sue |author2=Sheryll Shariat |author3=Gail Stennies |author4=Rick Waxweiler |author5=David Hogan |author6=Fred Jordan |title=Physical Injuries and Fatalities Resulting From the Oklahoma City Bombing |journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association]] |volume=276 |issue=5 |year=1996 |pages=382–387 |doi=10.1001/jama.276.5.382 |pmid=8683816}}</ref>

The victims ranged in age from three months to 73 years and included three pregnant women.<ref name="VictimsList">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |title=Victims of the Oklahoma City bombing |date=June 20, 2001 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2001-06-11-mcveigh-victims.htm |work=USA Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215065450/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2001-06-11-mcveigh-victims.htm |archive-date=February 15, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CasualtyLocation"/> Of the dead, 108 worked for the Federal government: [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (5); [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] (6); [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|Department of Housing and Urban Development]] (35); [[United States Department of Agriculture|Department of Agriculture]] (7); Customs Office (2); [[Department of transportation|Department of Transportation]]/[[Federal Highway Administration]] (11); [[General Services Administration]] (2); and the [[Social Security Administration]] (40).{{sfnp|Michel|Herbeck|2001|p=234}} Eight of the federal government victims were federal law enforcement agents. Of those law enforcement agents, four were members of the [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]]; two were members of the [[United States Customs Service|U.S. Customs Service]]; one was a member of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration and one was a member of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Six of the victims were [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]] personnel; two were members of the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]]; two were members of the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]], and two were members of the [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]].<ref name="CasualtyLocation"/><ref>{{subscription required}}{{cite news |author=Chris Casteel |title=Oklahoma U.S. Rep. Steve Russell seeks Purple Hearts for six Oklahoma City bombing victims |url=http://newsok.com/oklahoma-u.s.-rep.-steve-russell-seeks-purple-hearts-for-six-oklahoma-city-bombing-victims/article/5414598 |newspaper=[[The Oklahoman]] |date=April 29, 2015 |access-date=June 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624094904/http://newsok.com/oklahoma-u.s.-rep.-steve-russell-seeks-purple-hearts-for-six-oklahoma-city-bombing-victims/article/5414598 |archive-date=June 24, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The victims also included 19 children, of whom 15 were in the America's Kids Day Care Center.<ref name="WAPo.com">{{cite news|last=Romano |first=Lois |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/oklahoma/stories/nichols1230.htm |title=Prosecutors Seek Death For Nichols |date=December 30, 1997 |page=A3 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130153726/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/oklahoma/stories/nichols1230.htm |archive-date=November 30, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The bodies of the 168&nbsp;victims were identified at a temporary morgue set up at the scene.<ref name="ITN82">{{cite book|last=Irving|first=Clive|title=In Their Name|page=[https://archive.org/details/intheirnamededic00irvi/page/82 82]|isbn=978-0-679-44825-9|year=1995|url=https://archive.org/details/intheirnamededic00irvi/page/82|publisher=New York : Random House}}</ref> A team of 24 identified the victims using full-body X-rays, dental examinations, fingerprinting, blood tests, and [[Genetic fingerprinting|DNA testing]].{{sfnp|Michel|Herbeck|2001|p=234}}<ref name="ITN967">{{cite book|last=Irving|first=Clive|title=In Their Name|pages=[https://archive.org/details/intheirnamededic00irvi/page/96 96–97]|isbn=978-0-679-44825-9|year=1995|url=https://archive.org/details/intheirnamededic00irvi/page/96|publisher=New York : Random House}}</ref><ref name="Apocalypse73">{{cite book|title=Apocalypse in Oklahoma|last=Hamm|first=Mark S|page=73|isbn=978-1-55553-300-7|year=1997|publisher=Northeastern University Press }}</ref> More than 680 people were injured. The majority of the injuries were [[Abrasion (medical)|abrasions]], severe burns, and [[bone fracture]]s.<ref name="OSDH">{{cite web |last1=Shariat |first1=Sheryll |author2=Sue Mallonee |author3=Shelli Stephens-Stidham |title=Oklahoma City Bombing Injuries |publisher=Injury Prevention Service, Oklahoma State Department of Health |url=http://www.ok.gov/health2/documents/OKC_Bombing.pdf |date=December 1998 |access-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518063448/http://www.ok.gov/health2/documents/OKC_Bombing.pdf |archive-date=May 18, 2014 |url-status=live}} Shariat et al. count only 167 killed "as a direct result of the bombing or during escape". They did not include Rebecca Needham Anderson, who&nbsp;– having seen the bombing on TV in [[Midwest City, Oklahoma]]&nbsp;– came to the rescue and was killed by a piece of falling debris. [http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20105677,00.html "The Final Sacrifice of a Gallant Nurse"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810073428/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20105677,00.html |date=August 10, 2014 }}</ref>

McVeigh later acknowledged the casualties, saying, "I didn't define the rules of engagement in this conflict. The rules, if not written down, are defined by the aggressor. It was brutal, no holds barred. Women and kids were killed at Waco and Ruby Ridge. You put back in [the government's] faces exactly what they're giving out." He later stated, "I wanted the government to hurt like the people of Waco and Ruby Ridge had."{{sfnp|Michel|Herbeck|2001|p=225}}