New York City

===Late 19th and early 20th century===
{{Main|History of New York City (1898–1945)|History of New York City (1946–1977)}}
[[File:Mulberry Street NYC c1900 LOC 3g04637u edit.jpg|thumb|Manhattan's [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] in the [[Lower East Side]], {{Circa|1900}}]]

In 1886, the [[Statue of Liberty]], a gift from [[France]], was dedicated in New York Harbor. The statue welcomed 14 million immigrants as they came to the U.S. via [[Ellis Island]] by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is a symbol of the United States and American ideals of liberty and peace.<ref name="Statue of Liberty UNESCO">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307 Statue of Liberty], [[UNESCO]]. Accessed December 28, 2023. "Inaugurated in 1886, the sculpture stands at the entrance to New York Harbour and has welcomed millions of immigrants to the United States ever since."</ref><ref>[https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/the-immigrants-statue.htm The Immigrant's Statue], [[Statue of Liberty National Monument]]. Accessed December 28, 2023. "Between 1886 and 1924, almost 14 million immigrants entered the United States through New York. The Statue of Liberty was a reassuring sign that they had arrived in the land of their dreams."</ref>

In 1898, the City of New York was formed with the [[City of Greater New York|consolidation]] of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens.<ref>{{cite web |title = The 100 Year Anniversary of the Consolidation of the 5 Boroughs into New York City |url = http://nyc.gov/html/nyc100/html/classroom/hist_info/100aniv.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071011221627/http://nyc.gov/html/nyc100/html/classroom/hist_info/100aniv.html |archive-date = October 11, 2007 |access-date = October 28, 2010 |website = NYC100 Centennial Celebration }}</ref> The opening of the [[New York City Subway]] in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together.<ref name="Cudahy2004">{{cite book |first = Brian J. |last = Cudahy |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UfodzizzrfQC&pg=PA2 |title = The New York Subway: Its Construction and Equipment : Interborough Rapid Transit, 1904 |publisher = [[Fordham University Press]] |year = 2004 |isbn = 978-0-8232-2401-2 |page = 2 }}</ref> Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.<ref name="Blake2009">{{cite book |first = Angela M. |last = Blake |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=v36fyM6qswYC&pg=PT63 |title = How New York Became American, 1890–1924 |publisher = [[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-0-8018-8874-8 |pages = 63–66 }}</ref>

In 1904, the [[steamship]] ''[[PS General Slocum|General Slocum]]'' caught fire in the [[East River]], killing 1,021 people on board.<ref name="Sheard1998">{{cite book |first = Bradley |last = Sheard |url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoyagestwoce0000shea |title = Lost Voyages: Two Centuries of Shipwrecks in the Approaches to New York |publisher = Aqua Quest Publications, Inc. |year = 1998 |isbn = 978-1-881652-17-5 |page = [https://archive.org/details/lostvoyagestwoce0000shea/page/67 67] |url-access = registration }}</ref> In 1911, the [[Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire]], the city's worst industrial disaster, killed 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the [[International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union]] and major improvements in factory safety standards.<ref name="cornell1">{{cite web |title = The 1911 Triangle Factory Fire |url = https://trianglefire.ilr.cornell.edu/ |access-date = February 9, 2017 |publisher = Kheel Center, [[Cornell University]] }}</ref>
[[File:Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg|alt=A man working on a steel girder high about a city skyline.|thumb|A [[construction worker]] atop the [[Empire State Building]] during its construction in 1930. The [[Chrysler Building]] is visible behind him.]]

New York's non-White population was 36,620 in 1890.<ref>{{cite book |last = Rosenwaike |first = Ira |url = https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar |title = Population History of New York City |date = 1972 |publisher = [[Syracuse University Press]] |isbn = 978-0-8156-2155-3 |at = Table 30 |url-access = registration }}</ref> New York City was a prime destination in the early 20th century for [[African Americans]] during the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from the American South, and by 1916, New York City had become home to the largest urban [[African diaspora]] in North America.<ref name="GatesHigginbotham2009">{{cite book |first1 = Henry Louis Jr. |last1 = Gates |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E_vRLcgEdGoC&pg=PR7 |title = Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography |first2 = Evelyn Brooks |last2 = Higginbotham |publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-0-19-538795-7 |page = 7 }}</ref> The [[Harlem Renaissance]] of literary and [[Culture of New York City|cultural life]] flourished during the era of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]].<ref name="Roche2015">{{cite book |first = Linda De |last = Roche |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cOGOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR18 |title = The Jazz Age: A Historical Exploration of Literature: A Historical Exploration of Literature |publisher = [[ABC-CLIO]] |year = 2015 |isbn = 978-1-61069-668-5 |pages = 18–19 }}</ref> The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Willis |first1=Carol |title=Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago |date=1995 |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |location=New York |isbn=9781568980447 |pages=41, 85, 165}}</ref>

New York City became the most populous [[urban area#United States|urbanized area]] in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking [[London]]. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10&nbsp;million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first [[megacity]] in human history.<ref>{{cite web |title = New York Urbanized Area: Population & Density from 1800 (Provisional) |url = http://www.demographia.com/db-nyuza1800.htm |access-date = July 8, 2009 |publisher = [[Demographia]] }}</ref> The [[Great Depression]] saw the election of reformer [[Fiorello La Guardia]] as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.<ref>{{cite book |last = Allen |first = Oliver E. |title = The Tiger—The Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall |publisher = [[Addison-Wesley Publishing Company]] |year = 1993 |isbn = 978-0-201-62463-2 |chapter = Chapter 9: The Decline |chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/tigerrisefalloft00alle }}</ref>

Returning [[World War II]] veterans created a post-war [[Business cycle|economic boom]] and the development of large [[housing tract]]s in eastern Queens and [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]]. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The [[United Nations headquarters]] was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global [[geopolitical]] influence, and the rise of [[abstract expressionism]] in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.<ref>{{cite web |last = Burns |first = Ric |date = August 22, 2003 |title = The Center of the World—New York: A Documentary Film (Transcript) |url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html |access-date = September 1, 2008 |publisher = PBS |archive-date = June 23, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110623065806/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html |url-status = dead }}</ref>