Buenos Aires Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Climate=== {{main|Climate of Buenos Aires}} {{see also|Climate of Argentina|Climatic regions of Argentina}} Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Buenos Aires has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') with four distinct seasons.<ref name=amba>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227015825/http://www.atlasdebuenosaires.gov.ar/aaba/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=22 |archive-date=27 February 2014 |url=http://www.atlasdebuenosaires.gov.ar/aaba/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=22 |title=Clima |publisher=Atlas Ambiental de Buenos Aires |language=es |access-date=24 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |author1= Peel, M. C. |author2= Finlayson B. L. |author3= McMahon, T. A. |year= 2007 |title= Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification |journal= Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume= 11 |issue= 5 |pages= 1633–1644 |doi= 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |url= http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |issn= 1027-5606 |access-date= 22 February 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |archive-date= 3 February 2012 |url-status= live |bibcode= 2007HESS...11.1633P |doi-access= free }}</ref> As a result of maritime influences from the adjoining [[Atlantic Ocean]],<ref name= Pezza2010>{{cite journal |last1=Pezza |first1=Alexandre |last2=Simmonds |first2=Ian |last3=Coelho |first3=Caio |year=2010 |title=The unusual Buenos Aires snowfall of July 2007 |journal=Atmospheric Science Letters |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=249–254 |doi=10.1002/asl.283 |bibcode = 2010AtScL..11..249P |doi-access=free }}</ref> the climate is temperate with extreme temperatures being rare.<ref name=clima>{{cite web |url=http://www.turismo.buenosaires.gob.ar/es/article/clima |title=Clima |date=16 April 2013 |publisher=Official Tourism site of Buenos Aires |language=es |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126070716/http://www.turismo.buenosaires.gob.ar/es/article/clima |archive-date=26 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Because the city is located in an area where the [[Pampero (wind)|Pampero]] and [[Sudestada]] winds pass by,<ref name=CC>{{cite web |url=http://estatico.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/med_ambiente/apra/des_sust/archivos/pacc/cap2_pacc_ba3030.pdf |title=Capítulo 2: Impacto en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires |work=Plan de Acción Buenos Aires 2030 |publisher=Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires |language=es |access-date=29 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005053828/http://estatico.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/med_ambiente/apra/des_sust/archivos/pacc/cap2_pacc_ba3030.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2011 }}</ref> the weather is variable due to these contrasting air masses.{{sfn|Blouet|2010|p=391}} [[File:Plaza San Martín, Buenos Aires (27146002798).jpg|thumb|left|Heavy rain and thunderstorm in [[Plaza San Martín (Buenos Aires)|Plaza San Martin]]. Thunderstorms are usual during the summer.]] Summers are hot and humid.<ref name=clima/> The warmest month is January, with a daily average of {{convert|24.9|°C|1}}.<ref name=SMN>{{cite web |url= http://www3.smn.gob.ar/serviciosclimaticos/?mod=elclima&id=10 |title= Caracteristicas Climaticas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires |publisher= Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |language= es |access-date= 29 May 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180101030123/http://www3.smn.gob.ar/serviciosclimaticos/?mod=elclima&id=10 |archive-date= 1 January 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> Heat waves are common during summers.<ref name=SMNsummer>{{cite web |url=http://www3.smn.gob.ar/serviciosclimaticos/clima/archivo/verano.pdf |title=El Verano en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires |publisher=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |language=es |access-date=3 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101030513/http://www3.smn.gob.ar/serviciosclimaticos/clima/archivo/verano.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, most heat waves are of short duration (less than a week) and are followed by the passage of the cold, dry Pampero wind which brings violent and intense thunderstorms followed by cooler temperatures.{{sfn|Blouet|2010|p=391}}<ref name=pampero>{{cite web |url= http://www3.smn.gob.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=73 |title= Viento Pampero |publisher= Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |language= es |access-date= 2 January 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180101082154/http://www3.smn.gob.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=73 |archive-date= 1 January 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> The highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|43.3|°C|0}} on 29 January 1957.<ref name=SMN112anos>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728170957/https://www.smn.gob.ar/noticias/112-a%C3%B1os-midiendo-el-tiempo-de-buenos-aires |archive-date=28 July 2018 |url=https://www.smn.gob.ar/noticias/112-años-midiendo-el-tiempo-de-buenos-aires |title=112 años midiendo el tiempo de Buenos Aires |publisher=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |language=es |access-date=28 July 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2022, a heatwave caused [[power grid]] failure in parts of [[Buenos Aires metropolitan area]] affecting more than 700,000 households.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Some 700,000 households without electricity amid intense heat in Buenos Aires|url=https://en.mercopress.com/2022/01/12/some-700-000-households-without-electricity-amid-intense-heat-in-buenos-aires|access-date=12 January 2022|website=MercoPress|language=en|archive-date=12 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112100705/https://en.mercopress.com/2022/01/12/some-700-000-households-without-electricity-amid-intense-heat-in-buenos-aires|url-status=live}}</ref> Winters are cool with mild temperatures during the day and chilly nights.<ref name=clima/> Highs during the season average {{convert|16.6|C|1}} while lows average {{convert|8.3|C|1}}.<ref name=SMNwinter>{{cite web |url=http://www3.smn.gob.ar/serviciosclimaticos/clima/archivo/invierno.pdf |title=El Invierno en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires |publisher=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |language=es |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101082220/http://www3.smn.gob.ar/serviciosclimaticos/clima/archivo/invierno.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Relative humidity averages in the upper 70s%, which means the city is noted for moderate-to-heavy fogs during autumn and winter.<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 19 April 2010 | title = Atlas Ambiental de Buenos Aires | url = http://www.atlasdebuenosaires.gov.ar/aaba/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=324&Itemid=160&lang=es | work = AABA | language = es | date = 19 April 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706083449/http://www.atlasdebuenosaires.gov.ar/aaba/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=324&Itemid=160&lang=es | archive-date = 6 July 2011 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> July is the coolest month, with an average temperature of {{convert|11.0|°C|1}}.<ref name=SMN/> Cold spells originating from Antarctica occur almost every year, and can persist for several days.<ref name=SMNwinter/> Occasionally, warm air masses from the north bring warmer temperatures.<ref name = Bejaran2003>{{cite journal |last1=Bejaran |first1=R. |last2=Camilloni |first2=I. |year=2003 |title=Objective method for classifying air masses: an application to the analysis of Buenos Aires' (Argentina) urban heat island intensity |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225703325 |journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology |publisher=Springer-Verlag |volume=74 |issue=1–2 |pages=93–103 |doi=10.1007/s00704-002-0714-4 |access-date=12 March 2016 |bibcode=2003ThApC..74...93B |s2cid=96475360 |archive-date=31 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231062855/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225703325_Objective_method_for_classifying_air_masses_An_application_to_the_analysis_of_Buenos_Aires%27_Argentina_urban_heat_island_intensity |url-status=live |hdl=11336/147367 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The lowest temperature ever recorded in central Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires Central Observatory) was {{convert|-5.4|°C|0}} on 9 July 1918.<ref name=SMN112anos/> [[Snow]] is very rare in the city: the [[July 2007 Argentine winter storm|last snowfall]] occurred on 9 July 2007 when, during the coldest winter in Argentina in almost 30 years, severe snowfalls and blizzards hit the country. It was the first major snowfall in the city in 89 years.<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 24 January 2008 | title = Buenos Aires sees rare snowfall | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6286484.stm | work = BBC News | date = 10 July 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080317202817/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6286484.stm | archive-date = 17 March 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date = 24 January 2008 | title = Buenos Aires gets first snow since 1918 | url = https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-07-09-argentina-snow_N.htm | work = USA Today | date = 9 July 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080120224659/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-07-09-argentina-snow_N.htm | archive-date = 20 January 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref> Spring and autumn are characterized by changeable weather conditions.<ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Buenos-Aires |title=Buenos Aires |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113175639/https://www.britannica.com/place/Buenos-Aires |archive-date=13 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Cold air from the south can bring cooler temperatures while hot humid air from the north brings hot temperatures.{{sfn|Blouet|2010|p=391}} The city receives {{convert|1257.6|mm|0|abbr=on}} of precipitation per year.<ref name = SMN/> Because of its [[geomorphology]] along with an inadequate drainage network, the city is highly vulnerable to flooding during periods of heavy rainfall.<ref name=Barros2006>{{cite web |last1=Barros |first1=Vicente |last2=Menéndez |first2=Angel |last3=Natenzon |first3=Claudia |last4=Kokot |first4=Roberto |last5=Codignotto |first5=Jorge |last6=Re |first6=Mariano |last7=Bronstein |first7=Pablo |last8=Camilloni |first8=Inés |year=2006 |url=http://www.start.org/Projects/AIACC_Project/working_papers/Working%20Papers/AIACC_WP26_Barros%20(rev)%201.pdf |title=Vulnerability to floods in the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires under future climate change |work=AIACC Working Paper No. 26 |publisher=Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC) |access-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313202345/http://www.start.org/Projects/AIACC_Project/working_papers/Working%20Papers/AIACC_WP26_Barros%20(rev)%201.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Kreimer|2000|p=28-29}}{{sfn|Kreimer|2000|p=32}}{{sfn|Kreimer|2000|p=36}} {{Clear}} {{Weather box |location = Buenos Aires Central Observatory, located in [[Agronomía]] (1991–2020, extremes 1906–present) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 43.3 |Feb record high C = 38.0 |Mar record high C = 38.9 |Apr record high C = 36.0 |May record high C = 31.6 |Jun record high C = 28.5 |Jul record high C = 30.2 |Aug record high C = 34.4 |Sep record high C = 35.3 |Oct record high C = 36.3 |Nov record high C = 36.8 |Dec record high C = 40.5 |year record high C = 43.3 |Jan high C = 30.1 |Feb high C = 28.9 |Mar high C = 27.0 |Apr high C = 23.2 |May high C = 19.4 |Jun high C = 16.4 |Jul high C = 15.5 |Aug high C = 17.9 |Sep high C = 19.7 |Oct high C = 22.6 |Nov high C = 26.0 |Dec high C = 29.0 |year high C = 22.9 |Jan mean C = 24.9 |Feb mean C = 23.8 |Mar mean C = 22.0 |Apr mean C = 18.2 |May mean C = 14.8 |Jun mean C = 12.0 |Jul mean C = 11.0 |Aug mean C = 13.0 |Sep mean C = 14.9 |Oct mean C = 17.9 |Nov mean C = 20.9 |Dec mean C = 23.6 |year mean C = 18.1 |Jan low C = 20.2 |Feb low C = 19.4 |Mar low C = 17.7 |Apr low C = 14.1 |May low C = 11.1 |Jun low C = 8.4 |Jul low C = 7.5 |Aug low C = 8.9 |Sep low C = 10.6 |Oct low C = 13.4 |Nov low C = 16.1 |Dec low C = 18.5 |year low C = 13.8 |Jan record low C = 5.9 |Feb record low C = 4.2 |Mar record low C = 2.8 |Apr record low C = −2.3 |May record low C = −4.0 |Jun record low C = −5.3 |Jul record low C = −5.4 |Aug record low C = −4.0 |Sep record low C = −2.4 |Oct record low C = −2.0 |Nov record low C = 1.6 |Dec record low C = 3.7 |year record low C = −5.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 134.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 129.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 120.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 130.3 |May precipitation mm = 93.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 61.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 74.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 70.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 80.6 |Oct precipitation mm = 122.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 117.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 122.8 |year precipitation mm = 1257.6 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 8.9 |Feb precipitation days = 8.0 |Mar precipitation days = 8.2 |Apr precipitation days = 8.9 |May precipitation days = 7.2 |Jun precipitation days = 7.3 |Jul precipitation days = 7.4 |Aug precipitation days = 7.0 |Sep precipitation days = 7.4 |Oct precipitation days = 10.2 |Nov precipitation days = 8.9 |Dec precipitation days = 8.9 |year precipitation days = 98.3 |Jan snow days = 0.0 |Feb snow days = 0.0 |Mar snow days = 0.0 |Apr snow days = 0.0 |May snow days = 0.0 |Jun snow days = 0.1 |Jul snow days = 0.1 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.0 |Nov snow days = 0.0 |Dec snow days = 0.0 |year snow days = 0.1 |Jan humidity = 64.6 |Feb humidity = 69.1 |Mar humidity = 72.0 |Apr humidity = 75.6 |May humidity = 78.7 |Jun humidity = 78.2 |Jul humidity = 77.0 |Aug humidity = 72.6 |Sep humidity = 69.5 |Oct humidity = 69.4 |Nov humidity = 65.3 |Dec humidity = 62.8 |year humidity = 71.2 |Jan sun = 272.8 |Feb sun = 223.2 |Mar sun = 217.0 |Apr sun = 168.0 |May sun = 158.1 |Jun sun = 135.0 |Jul sun = 142.6 |Aug sun = 170.5 |Sep sun = 180.0 |Oct sun = 204.6 |Nov sun = 246.0 |Dec sun = 266.6 |year sun = |Jand sun = 8.8 |Febd sun = 7.9 |Mard sun = 7.0 |Aprd sun = 5.6 |Mayd sun = 5.1 |Jund sun = 4.5 |Juld sun = 4.6 |Augd sun = 5.5 |Sepd sun = 6.0 |Octd sun = 6.6 |Novd sun = 8.2 |Decd sun = 8.6 |yeard sun = 6.5 |source 1 = [[Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina)|Servicio Meteorológico Nacional]]<ref name=SMN/><ref>{{cite web | url = https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas_normales_9120.zip | title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020 | publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional | language = es | access-date = 9 April 2023 | archive-date = 3 March 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230303032103/https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas_normales_9120.zip | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230708235600/http://repositorio.smn.gob.ar/bitstream/handle/20.500.12160/2506/estad%C3%ADsticas_climatol%C3%B3gicas_normales_1991-2020.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y | archive-date = 8 July 2023 | url = http://repositorio.smn.gob.ar/handle/20.500.12160/2506 | title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020 | publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional | language = es | access-date = 8 July 2023 | year = 2023 | last1 = Nacional | first1 = Servicio Meteorológico }}</ref><ref name=SMNextremes>{{cite web | url = https://www.smn.gob.ar/estadisticas | title = Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Buenos Aires | work = Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo | publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional | language = es | accessdate = 9 April 2023 | archive-date = 7 February 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190207103528/https://www.smn.gob.ar/caracterizaci%C3%B3n-estad%C3%ADsticas-de-largo-plazo | url-status = live }}</ref> }} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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