Argentina

=== Perón's return and death===
[[File:Asunción_de_Juan_Domingo_Perón_e_Isabel_Perón,_1973.png|thumb|left|upright|[[Juan Perón]] and his wife [[Isabel Perón]], 1973]]

Following several years of military rule, [[Alejandro Agustín Lanusse]] was appointed president by the [[military junta]] in 1971. Under increasing political pressure for the return of democracy, Lanusse called for elections in 1973. Perón was banned from running but the Peronist party was allowed to participate. The presidential elections were won by Perón's surrogate candidate, [[Hector Cámpora]], a left-wing Peronist, who took office on 25 May 1973. A month later, in June, Perón returned from Spain. One of Cámpora's first presidential actions was to grant amnesty to members of organizations that had carried out political assassinations and terrorist attacks, and to those who had been tried and sentenced to prison by judges. Cámpora's months-long tenure in government was beset by political and social unrest. Over 600 social conflicts, [[Strike action|strikes]], and [[Workers' self-management|factory occupations]] took place within a single month.<ref>{{cite book |first=Hugo |last=Moreno |title=Le désastre argentin. Péronisme, politique et violence sociale (1930–2001) |publisher=Editions Syllepses |location=Paris |year=2005 |page=109 |language=fr}}</ref> Even though far-left terrorist organisations had suspended their armed struggle, their joining with the [[participatory democracy]] process was interpreted as a direct threat by the Peronist right-wing faction.<ref>Manuel Justo Gaggero, [http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/elpais/1-80601-2007-02-19.html "El general en su laberinto"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201132134/https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/elpais/1-80601-2007-02-19.html |date=1 December 2017 }}, ''[[Pagina/12]]'', 19 February 2007</ref>

Amid a state of political, social, and economic upheaval, Cámpora and Vice President Vicente Solano Lima resigned in July 1973, calling for new elections, but this time with Perón as the Justicialist Party nominee. Perón won the election with his wife [[Isabel Perón]] as vice president. Perón's third term was marked by escalating conflict between left and right-wing factions within the Peronist party, as well as the return of armed terror guerrilla groups like the Guevarist [[People's Revolutionary Army (Argentina)|ERP]], leftist Peronist [[Montoneros]], and the state-backed far-right [[Argentine Anticommunist Alliance|Triple A]]. After a series of heart attacks and signs of pneumonia in 1974, Perón's health deteriorated quickly. He suffered a final heart attack on Monday, 1 July 1974, and died at 13:15. He was 78 years old. After his death, [[Isabel Perón]], his wife and vice president, succeeded him in office. During her presidency, a military junta, along with the Peronists' far-right fascist faction, once again became the [[de facto]] [[head of state]]. Isabel Perón served as President of Argentina from 1974 until 1976, when she was ousted by the military. Her short presidency was marked by the collapse of Argentine political and social systems, leading to a constitutional crisis that paved the way for a decade of instability, left-wing terrorist guerrilla attacks, and state-sponsored terrorism.<ref name=Reutuers2014/><ref>{{cite web|last=de Onis|first=Juan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/01/02/archives/argentinas-terror-army-is-ahead.html|title=Argentina's Terror: Army Is Ahead|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 January 1977|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219063400/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/01/02/archives/argentinas-terror-army-is-ahead.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bernstein|first=Adam|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/jorge-rafael-videla-argentine-junta-leader-dies-at-87/2013/05/17/f22ae8d0-2f5c-11e2-a30e-5ca76eeec857_story.html|title=Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentine junta leader, dies at 87|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=17 May 2013|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410204418/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/jorge-rafael-videla-argentine-junta-leader-dies-at-87/2013/05/17/f22ae8d0-2f5c-11e2-a30e-5ca76eeec857_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>