Abortion in the United States

===''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization''===
{{main|Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization|l1=''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization''}}
[[File:Supreme Court of the United States - Roberts Court 2020.jpg|thumb|The composition of the Supreme Court at the time of ''Dobbs''<br>Front row, l.t.r.: [[Samuel Alito]], [[Clarence Thomas]], [[John G. Roberts, Jr.]], [[Justice Stephen G. Breyer]], [[Sonia Sotomayor]].<br>Back row, l.t.r.: [[Brett M. Kavanaugh]], [[Elena Kagan]], [[Neil M. Gorsuch]], [[Amy Coney Barrett]].]]

The Supreme Court granted ''[[certiorari]]'' to ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization'' in May 2021, a case that challenges the impact of ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' in blocking enforcement of a 2018 [[Mississippi]] law (the [[Gestational Age Act]]) that had banned any abortions after the first 15 weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/supreme-court-mississippi-abortion-ban-takes-case/|title=Supreme Court takes up blockbuster case over Mississippi's 15-week abortion ban|first=Melissa|last=Quinn|date=May 17, 2021|access-date=May 17, 2021|work=CBS News}}</ref> Oral arguments to ''Dobbs'' were held in December 2021, and a decision was expected by the end of the 2021–22 Supreme Court term. On September 1, 2021, [[Texas]] passed the [[Texas Heartbeat Act]], one of the most restrictive abortion laws in the nation, banning most procedures after six weeks.<ref>{{cite news|title=Answers to Questions About the Texas Abortion Law|work=The New York Times|first=Roni Caryn|last=Rabin|date=September 1, 2021|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/health/texas-abortion-law-facts.html|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001005809/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/health/texas-abortion-law-facts.html|archive-date=October 1, 2021}}</ref> On May 2, 2022, a leaked draft majority opinion for ''Dobbs'', written by [[Samuel Alito]], set to overturn ''Roe'' was reported by ''[[Politico]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gerstein|first1=Josh|last2=Ward|first2=Alexander|title=Exclusive: Supreme Court has voted to overturn abortion rights, draft opinion shows|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/02/supreme-court-abortion-draft-opinion-00029473|access-date=May 3, 2022|work=Politico|date=May 2, 2022}}</ref>

On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court overruled both ''Roe'' and ''[[Planned Parenthood v. Casey]]'' in the ''Dobbs'' case on [[originalist]] grounds that a right to abortion cannot be found in the U.S. Constitution. [[John Roberts]], the [[Chief Justice of the United States]], concurred in the decision to uphold the law at question as constitutional, by a 6–3 vote, and did not support overruling both ''Roe'' and ''Casey''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/06/24/us/politics/supreme-court-dobbs-jackson-analysis-roe-wade.html|title=The Dobbs v. Jackson Decision, Annotated|work=The New York Times|date=June 24, 2022|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Breuninger|first1=Kevin|last2=Mangan|first2=Dan|title=Supreme Court overturns Roe v. Wade, ending 50 years of federal abortion rights|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/24/roe-v-wade-overturned-by-supreme-court-ending-federal-abortion-rights.html|work=CNBC|access-date=June 24, 2022|date=June 24, 2022}}</ref> This enabled [[trigger law]]s, which had been passed in 13 states,<ref>{{cite news|last=Wolfe|first=Elizabeth|date=May 3, 2022|title=13 states have passed so-called 'trigger laws,' bans designed to go into effect if Roe v. Wade is overturned|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/03/us/state-abortion-trigger-laws-roe-v-wade-overturned/index.html|work=CNN|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chiwaya|first=Nigel|date=May 3, 2022|title=Map: These 'trigger law' states would ban abortion only if Roe is overturned|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/data-graphics/map-trigger-law-states-ban-abortion-only-roe-overturned-rcna27119|work=NBC News|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Jesus|last=Jiménez|date=May 4, 2022|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/04/us/abortion-trigger-laws.html|title=What is a trigger law? And which states have them?|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref> to effectively ban abortions in those states.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomson-DeVeaux|first=Amelia|date=June 24, 2022|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-supreme-courts-argument-for-overturning-roe-v-wade/|title=The Supreme Court's Argument For Overturning Roe v. Wade|website=FiveThirtyEight|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Thomson-DeVeaux 2022">{{cite web|last=Thomson-DeVeaux|first=Amelia|date=June 24, 2022|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/roe-v-wade-defined-an-era-the-supreme-court-just-started-a-new-one/|title=Roe v. Wade Defined An Era. The Supreme Court Just Started A New One.|website=FiveThirtyEight|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref>

Abortion-related initiatives were placed on the [[2022 United States elections#Referendums|2022 ballot]] in six states, the most in a single year. [[2022 California Proposition 1]], [[2022 Michigan Proposal 3]], and Vermont Proposal 5 enshrined the right to an abortion in state constitutions, while the [[2022 Kansas abortion referendum]], [[2022 Kentucky Amendment 2]], and Montana Legislative Referendum No. 131 rejected restrictions on abortion.<ref name="Weixel">{{Cite news |last=Weixel |first=Nathaniel |date=August 21, 2022 |title=State ballot measures are new abortion battleground |language=en |work=The Hill |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/3608609-state-ballot-measures-are-new-abortion-battleground/ |access-date=September 9, 2022}}</ref> Voters in Ohio defeated [[August 2023 Ohio Issue 1]] intended to make changes to the state's constitution more difficult, ahead of [[November 2023 Ohio Issue 1]], which added the right to an abortion to the Ohio constitution.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/abortion-rights-won-every-election-roe-v-wade-overturned-rcna99031 | title = Abortion rights have won in every election since Roe v. Wade was overturned | first1 = Amanda | last1 = Terkel | first2 = Jiachuan | last2 =  Wu | date = August 9, 2023 | accessdate = August 9, 2023 | work  = [[NBC News]] }}</ref>