19th century

=== China: Taiping Rebellion ===
{{main|Taiping Rebellion}}
[[File:Regaining the Provincial Capital of Ruizhou.jpg|thumb|280px|A scene of the [[Taiping Rebellion]].]]
The [[Taiping Rebellion]] was the bloodiest conflict of the 19th century, leading to the deaths of around 20–30 million people. Its leader, [[Hong Xiuquan]], declared himself the younger brother of [[Jesus Christ]] and developed a new Chinese religion known as the [[God Worshipping Society]].  After proclaiming the establishment of the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]] in 1851, the Taiping army conquered a large part of China, capturing [[Nanjing]] in 1853. In 1864, after the death of Hong Xiuquan, [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] forces recaptured Nanjing and ended the rebellion.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Reilly|first1=Thomas H.|title=The Taiping heavenly kingdom rebellion and the blasphemy of empire|date=2004|publisher=University of Washington Press|location=Seattle|isbn=978-0295801926|edition=1}}</ref>