Islamic terrorism

=== Middle East/West Asia ===

==== Turkey ====
{{See also|Terrorism in Turkey}}
Historians have said that militant Islamism first gained ground among Kurds before its appeal grew among ethnic Turks and that the two most important radical Islamist organizsations have been an outgrowth of Kurdish Islamism rather than Turkish Islamism.<ref name="ReferenceA">*German Jihad: On the Internationalisation of Islamist Terrorism by Guido Steinberg. Columbia University Press, 2013</ref> The Turkish or Kurdish Hizbullah is a primarily Kurdish group has its roots in the predominantly Kurdish southeast of Turkey and among Kurds who migrated to the cities in Western Turkey.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> The members of the [[Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front|İBDA-C]] were predominantly Kurds, most members if not all are ethnic Kurds like its founder, as in the Hizbullah. The İBDA-C stressed its Kurdish roots, and is fighting Turkish secularism, and is also anti-Christian. The Hizbula reestablished in 2003 in southeastern Turkey and "today its ideology might be more widespread than ever among Kurds there".<ref name="ReferenceA" /> The influence of these groups confirms "the continuing Kurdish domination of Turkish islamism". Notable Kurdish Islamists include also<ref>Mamdouh Mahmud Salim</ref>(an Iraqi Kurd born in Sudan) co-founder of the Islamist terrorist network al-Qaeda. There is a strong Kurdish element in Turkish radical Islamism.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Kurdish and Turkish Islamists have also co-operated together, one example being the 2003 Istanbul bombings, and this co-operation has also been observed in Germany, as in the case of the Sauerland terror cell. Political scientist Guido Steinberg stated that many top leaders of Islamist organizations in Turkey fled to Germany in the 2000s, and that the Turkish Hizbullah has also "left an imprint on Turkish Kurds in Germany".<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Also many Kurds from Iraq (there are about 50,000 to 80,000 Iraqi Kurds in Germany) financially supported Kurdish-Islamist groups like Ansar al Islam.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Many Islamists in Germany are ethnic Kurds (Iraqi and Turkish Kurds) or Turks. Before 2006, the German Islamist scene was dominated by Iraqi Kurds and Palestinians, but since 2006 Kurds and Turks from Turkey are dominant.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

[[Hizbollah (Turkey)|Hezbollah in Turkey]] (unrelated to the [[Shia Islam|Shia]] Hezbollah in Lebanon) is a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] terrorist group accused of a series of attacks, including the [[2003 Istanbul bombings|November 2003 bombings]] of two synagogues, the British consulate in [[Istanbul]] and HSBC bank headquarters that killed 58.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kohlmann|first=Evan|author-link=Evan Kohlmann |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/kohlmann200311250844.asp|title=Terrorized Turkey: Pointing fingers at al Qaeda|work=National Review |date=25 November 2003|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040217221333/http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/kohlmann200311250844.asp |archive-date=17 February 2004}}</ref> <!-- Wikipedia article actually says: "Perpetrator: Al-Qaeda" --> Hizbullah's leader, [[Hüseyin Velioğlu]], was killed in action by Turkish police in Beykoz on 17 January 2000. Besides Hizbullah, other Islamic groups listed as a terrorist organization by [[General Directorate of Security (Turkey)|Turkish police]] counter-terrorism include [[Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front]], [[al-Qaeda]] in Turkey, [[Tevhid-Selam]] (also known as ''[[al-Quds]] Army''), and [[Kalifatstaat]] ("Caliphate State", Hilafet Devleti). [[Islamic Party of Kurdistan]] and [[Hereketa İslamiya Kurdistan]] are also Islamist groups active against Turkey, however unlike Hizbullah they're yet to be listed as active terrorist organizations in Turkey by Turkish police counter-terrorism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egm.gov.tr/temuh/terorgrup1.html|title=Türkiye'de Halen Faaliyetlerine Devam Eden Başlıca Terör Örgütleri|language=tr|trans-title=Current Operations Continuing in Turkey – Major Terrorist Organizations |work=egm.gov.tr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020827063338/http://www.egm.gov.tr/temuh/terorgrup1.html|archive-date=27 August 2002}}</ref><!-- This content appears to be extremely dated. One group has merged with another organisation since 2004; the other is possibly listed if it still exists -->

==== Iraq ====
{{Main|List of bombings during the Iraq War}}

The area that has seen some of the worst terror attacks in modern history has been Iraq as part of the [[Iraq War]]. In 2005, there were more than 400 incidents of suicide bombing attacks, killing more than 2,000 people.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Atran|first=Scott|author-link=Scott Atran|url=http://www.sitemaker.umich.edu/satran/files/twq06spring_atran.pdf |title=The Moral Logic and Growth of Suicide Terrorism|journal=The Washington Quarterly |year=2006 |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=131 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623022648/http://www.sitemaker.umich.edu/satran/files/twq06spring_atran.pdf|archive-date=23 June 2015|doi=10.1162/wash.2006.29.2.127|s2cid=154382700}}</ref> In 2006, almost half of all reported terrorist attacks in the world (6,600), and more than half of all terrorist fatalities (13,000), occurred in Iraq, according to the [[National Counterterrorism Center]] of the United States.<ref>[https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terror_06.pdf Report on Terrorist Incidents – 2006] 6600 out of 14000</ref>

==== Israel and the Palestinian territories ====
{{Main|Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}

[[Hamas]] ("zeal" in Arabic and an acronym for Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya) grew in power and began attacks on military and civilian targets in [[Israel]] at the beginning of the [[First Intifada]] in 1987.<ref>p. 154, ''Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam'' by Gilles Kepel (2002)</ref> The 1988 charter of Hamas calls for the destruction of [[Israel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm |title=The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) |publisher=Mideastweb.org |access-date=25 April 2010}}</ref> Hamas's armed wing, the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]], was established in mid 1991<ref name=EQB>"About us". Al-Qassam Brigades Information Office. Retrieved 15 July 2016</ref> and claimed responsibility for [[Hamas#Violence|numerous attacks]] against Israelis, principally [[List of Palestinian suicide attacks|suicide bombings]] and [[Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel|rocket attacks]]. Hamas has been accused of sabotaging the Israeli-Palestine peace process by launching attacks on civilians during Israeli elections to anger Israeli voters and facilitate the election of harder-line Israeli candidates.<ref>''Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam'' by Gilles Kepel, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, (2002), p. 331</ref> Hamas has been designated as a terrorist group by Canada, the United States, Israel, Australia, Japan, the [[United Nations Commission on Human Rights]] and [[Human Rights Watch]]. It is banned in Jordan. Russia does not consider Hamas a terrorist group as it was "democratically elected".<ref>{{cite web|last=Waked|first=Ali|author2=Roee Nahmias|date=9 February 2006|title=Putin: Hamas not a terror organization|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3213707,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060324183227/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3213707,00.html|archive-date=24 March 2006|access-date=11 February 2022|work=Ynet|location=Israel}}</ref> During the [[Second Intifada]] (September 2000 through August 2005) 39.9 percent of the suicide attacks were carried out by Hamas.<ref name="BenmelechBerrebi2007">{{cite journal|last2=Berrebi|first2=Claude|date=Summer 2007|title=Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers|url=http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/benmelech/files/JEP_0807.pdf |journal=[[Journal of Economic Perspectives]] |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=223–38 |doi=10.1257/jep.21.3.223 |issn=0895-3309 |last1=Benmelech |first1=Efraim |author-link1=Efraim Benmelech |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707185129/http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/benmelech/files/JEP_0807.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2010}}</ref> The first Hamas suicide attack was the [[Mehola Junction bombing]] in 1993.<ref>Katz, Samuel (2002). ''The Hunt for the Engineer''. Lyons Press. {{ISBN|978-1585747498}}. p. 74.</ref> Hamas claims its aims are "To contribute in the effort of liberating [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and restoring the rights of the Palestinian people under the sacred Islamic teachings of the Holy Quran, the Sunna (traditions) of Prophet Mohammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the traditions of Muslims rulers and scholars noted for their piety and dedication."<ref name=EQB />

[[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine]] is a Palestinian Islamist group based in the [[Syria]]n capital, [[Damascus]], and dedicated to waging jihad to eliminate the state of Israel. It was formed by Palestinian Fathi Shaqaqi in the Gaza Strip following the [[Iranian Revolution]] which inspired its members. From 1983 onward, it engaged in "a succession of violent, high-profile attacks" on Israeli targets. The Intifada which "it eventually sparked" was quickly taken over by the much larger [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] and Hamas.<ref>p. 122, ''Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam'' by Gilles Kepel</ref> Beginning in September 2000, it started a campaign of suicide bombing attacks against Israeli civilians. The PIJ's armed wing, the Al-Quds brigades, has claimed responsibility for numerous terrorist attacks in Israel, including suicide bombings. The group has been designated as a terrorist organization by several Western countries.

[[Popular Resistance Committees]] is a coalition of a number of armed Palestinian groups opposed to what they regard as the conciliatory approach of the [[Palestinian Authority]] and [[Fatah]] towards Israel. The PRC is especially active in the [[Gaza Strip]], through its military wing, the [[Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades]].<ref>Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (15 September 2009). [http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2009/09/15/UNFFMGCReport.pdf "Human Rights in Palestine and Other Occupied Arab Territories"] (PDF). London: ''[[The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</ref> The PRC is said to have an extreme Islamic worldview and operates with Hamas and the Islamic Jihad movement. The PRC has carried out several attacks against Israeli civilians and soldiers including hundreds of shooting attacks and other rocket and bombing attacks.<ref>[http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-24.htm "The Popular Resistance Committees: Hamas' New Partners? – Lt. Col. (res.) Jonathan D. Halevi"]. Retrieved 15 July 2016.</ref>

Other groups linked with [[Al-Qaeda]] operate in the Gaza Strip including: [[Army of Islam (Gaza Strip)|Army of Islam]], [[Abdullah Azzam Brigades]], [[Jund Ansar Allah]], [[Jaljalat]] and [[Tawhid al-Jihad (Gaza Strip)|Tawhid al-Jihad]].

==== Lebanon ====
{{Overly detailed|section|date=August 2017}}
Hezbollah first emerged in 1982, as a militia during the [[1982 Lebanon War]].<ref name="HG20Ak02">{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720154531/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=20 July 2006 |title=Hezbollah's transformation|last=Jamail|first=Dahr|date=20 July 2006|work=Asia Times |access-date=23 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="bbc-hi-me">{{cite news |title=Who are Hezbollah|work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4314423.stm  |date=21 May 2008 |access-date=15 August 2008}}</ref> Its leaders were inspired by the [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Ayatollah Khomeini]], and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of Iran's [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]].<ref name="nybooks">{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060 |title=In Search of Hezbollah|first=Adam|last=Shatz|work=[[The New York Review of Books]] |volume=51|issue=7|date=29 April 2004|access-date=14 August 2006 |url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040503005626/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060 |archive-date=3 May 2004}}</ref> Hezbollah's 1985 manifesto listed its three main goals as "putting an end to any [[colonialist]] entity" in Lebanon, bringing the [[Kataeb Party|Phalangists]] to justice for "the crimes they [had] perpetrated", and the establishment of an [[Islamic republic|Islamic regime]] in Lebanon.<ref name="The Hizballah Program">{{cite web|title=The Hizballah Program|url=http://www.standwithus.com/pdfs/flyers/hezbollah_program.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029000205/http://www.standwithus.com/pdfs/flyers/hezbollah_program.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2007|access-date=11 February 2022|publisher=[[StandWithUs]]}}</ref><ref name="Stalinsky">Stalinsky, Steven. [http://www.nysun.com/article/37184 "An Islamic Republic Is Hezbollah's Aim"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110235519/http://www.nysun.com/article/37184 |date=10 November 2007 }}. ''[[The New York Sun]]''. 2 August 2006. 1 November 2007.</ref> Hezbollah leaders have also made numerous statements calling for the destruction of Israel, which they refer to as a "Zionist entity... built on lands wrested from their owners."<ref name="The Hizballah Program" /><ref name="Stalinsky" />

Hezbollah, which started with only a small militia, has grown to an organization with seats in the [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] government, a radio and a [[Al-Manar|satellite television-station]], and programs for [[Social change|social development]].<ref name="deeb-hzb-a-primer">{{cite magazine |last=Deeb |first=Lara  |date=31 July 2006 |title=Hizballah: A Primer |url=http://www.merip.org/mero/mero073106.html |access-date=31 July 2006 |magazine=[[Middle East Report]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620045425/http://merip.org/mero/mero073106.html |archive-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> They maintain strong support among Lebanon's Shi'a population, and gained a surge of support from Lebanon's broader population ([[Sunni]], [[Christians|Christian]], [[Druze]]) immediately following the [[2006 Lebanon War]],<ref name="Briefing">{{cite web |url=http://www.mideastmonitor.org/issues/0609/0609_6.htm |title=Briefing: Lebanese Public Opinion |date=September–October 2006  |access-date=8 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118214528/http://www.mideastmonitor.org/issues/0609/0609_6.htm |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> and are able to mobilize demonstrations of hundreds of thousands.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4329201.stm "Huge Beirut protest backs Syria"]. [[BBC News]]. 8 March 2005. 7 February 2007.</ref> Hezbollah along with some other groups began the [[2006–2008 Lebanese political protests]] in opposition to the government of Prime Minister [[Fouad Siniora]].<ref name="Ghattas">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6200804.stm|title=Political ferment in Lebanon |first=Kim |last=Ghattas |publisher=BBC News  |date=1 December 2006 |access-date=15 August 2008}}</ref> A later dispute over Hezbollah preservation of its telecoms network led to [[2008 conflict in Lebanon|clashes]] and Hezbollah-led opposition fighters seized control of several [[West Beirut]] neighborhoods from [[Future Movement]] militiamen loyal to Fouad Siniora. These areas were then handed over to the [[Lebanese Army]].<ref name="Haaretz1">{{cite web|title=Lebanese army moves into W. Beirut after Hezbollah takeover |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/981696.html |work=[[Haaretz]]  |access-date=10 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512082543/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/981696.html |archive-date=12 May 2008}}</ref>

A [[Lebanese government of July 2008|national unity government]] was formed in 2008, in Lebanon, giving Hezbollah and its opposition allies control of 11 of 30 cabinets seats; effectively veto power.<ref name="CFR">{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F|title=Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]  |date=13 September 2008|access-date=15 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913091527/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F|archive-date=13 September 2008}}</ref> Hezbollah receives its financial support from the governments of Iran and Syria, as well as donations from Lebanese people and foreign Shi'as.<ref name="irinnews52494">{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=52494&SelectRegion=Middle_East |title=Lebanon: The many hands and faces of Hezbollah  |date=29 March 2006|author=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs |access-date=17 August 2006}}</ref><ref name="Haaretz 746631">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=746631|title=Iranian official admits Tehran supplied missiles to Hezbollah|date=4 August 2006 |work=Haaretz |access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref> It has also gained significantly in military strength in the 2000s.<ref name="met">{{cite news |url=http://www.metimes.com/International/2008/08/29/mideast_powers_proxies_and_paymasters_bluster_and_rearm/5485/ |title=Mideast Powers, Proxies and Paymasters Bluster and Rearm |last=Frykberg|first=Mel |date=29 August 2008|work=[[Middle East Times]]|quote=And if there is one thing that ideologically and diametrically opposed Hezbollah and Israel agree on, it is Hezbollah's growing military strength.  |access-date=29 August 2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902080503/http://www.metimes.com/International/2008/08/29/mideast_powers_proxies_and_paymasters_bluster_and_rearm/5485/ |archive-date=2 September 2008}}</ref> Despite a June 2008 certification by the [[United Nations]] that Israel had withdrawn from all Lebanese territory,<ref name="SC/6878">{{cite web |date=18 June 2000 |publisher=United Nations Security Council |title=Security council endorses secretary-general's conclusion on Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon as of 16 June |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2000/20000618.sc6878.doc.html  |access-date=29 September 2006}}</ref> in August, Lebanon's new Cabinet unanimously approved a draft policy statement which secures Hezbollah's existence as an armed organization and guarantees its right to "liberate or recover [[Shebaa farms|occupied lands]]". Since 1992, the organization has been headed by [[Hassan Nasrallah]], its [[Secretary-General]]. The United States, Canada, Israel, Bahrain,<ref name="JPostBahrain">{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Bahrains-parliament-declares-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-group-307806|title=Bahrain's parliament declares Hezbollah a terrorist group |date=26 March 2013|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref name="bahrain">{{cite news|last=Spangler|first=Timothy|url=http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=213829 |title=Bahrain complains over Hezbollah comments on protests|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=25 March 2011 |access-date=22 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bahrain-bombs-hezbollah-idUSBRE8A512A20121106 |title=Bahrain arrests bombing suspects and blames Hezbollah |work=Reuters |date=6 November 2012 |access-date=1 July 2017 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924171823/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/06/us-bahrain-bombs-hezbollah-idUSBRE8A512A20121106 |url-status=live }}</ref> France,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/04/04/jewish-leaders-applaud-hezbollah-terror-designation-by-france |title=Jewish Leaders Applaud Hezbollah Terror Designation by France &#124; Jewish & Israel News |publisher=Algemeiner.com  |date=4 April 2013 |access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref> [[Gulf Cooperation Council]],<ref name="GCC">{{cite web |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/453834 |title=GCC: Hezbollah terror group |work=Arab News |date=3 June 2013 |access-date=3 June 2013}}</ref> and the Netherlands regard Hezbollah as a [[terrorism|terrorist]] organization, while the United Kingdom, the European Union<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html|work=The New York Times |first1=James |last1=Kanter |first2=Jodi |last2=Rudoren |title=European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organizations |date=22 July 2013}}</ref> and Australia consider only Hezbollah's military wing or its external security organization to be a terrorist organization. Many consider it, or a part of it, to be a terrorist group<ref>Roy, Olivier, ''The Failure of Political Islam'', Harvard University Press, (1994), p. 115</ref><ref>Pape, Robert, ''Dying to Win'', Random House, 2005, p. 129</ref> responsible for [[1983 United States Embassy bombing|blowing up the American embassy]]<ref>Ranstorp, Magnus, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon'', St. Martins Press, 1997 pp. 89–90</ref> and later its [[1984 United States embassy annex bombing|annex]], as well as the [[1983 Beirut barracks bombing|barracks of American and French peacekeeping troops]] and [[Lebanon hostage crisis|dozens of kidnappings of foreigners in Beirut]].<ref name="autogenerated2">Ranstorp, Magnus, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon'', St. Martins Press, 1997, p. 54</ref><ref name="autogenerated3">Kepel, Gilles, ''Jihad'', (2002), p. 129</ref> It is also accused of being the recipient of massive aid from Iran,<ref>Ranstorp, Magnus, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon'', St. Martins Press, 1997, p. 127</ref> and of serving "Iranian foreign policy calculations and interests",<ref name="autogenerated2" /> or serving as a "subcontractor of Iranian initiatives"<ref name="autogenerated3" /> Hezbollah denies any involvement or dependence on Iran.<ref>Ranstorp, Magnus, ''Hizb'allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis,'' p. 60</ref> In 2006, in the most of the Arab and Muslim worlds, Hezbollah was regarded as a legitimate resistance movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720154531/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=20 July 2006|title=Middle East News – Hezbollah's transformation|date=20 July 2006|publisher=Asia Times Online Atimes.com|access-date=25 April 2010}}</ref> In 2005, the Lebanese Prime Minister said of Hezbollah, it "is not a militia. It's a resistance."<ref name="cnn-2005-05-07">{{cite news |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/05/06/lebanon.report/index.html |title=Hezbollah disarmament unclear|date=7 May 2005 |access-date=5 August 2006}}</ref>

[[Fatah al-Islam]] is an Islamist group operating out of the [[Nahr al-Bared]] refugee camp in northern Lebanon. It was formed in November 2006, by fighters who broke off from the pro-[[Syria]]n [[Fatah al-Intifada]], itself a splinter group of the Palestinian [[Fatah]] movement, and is led by a Palestinian fugitive militant named [[Shaker al-Abssi]].<ref name="IHT_20070315">''International Herald Tribune'' (15 March 2007). [http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/15/news/lebanon.php] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515071626/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/15/news/lebanon.php|date=15 May 2008}}</ref> The group's members have been described as militant [[jihad]]ists,<ref name="Figaro_20070416">''Le Figaro'' (16 April 2007). [http://www.lefigaro.fr/english/20070416.WWW000000477_fatah_al_islam_the_new_terrorist_threat_hanging_over_lebanon.html "Fatah Al-Islam: the new terrorist threat hanging over Lebanon"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606101014/http://www.lefigaro.fr/english/20070416.WWW000000477_fatah_al_islam_the_new_terrorist_threat_hanging_over_lebanon.html |date=6 June 2007 }}. Retrieved 20 May 2007.</ref> and the group itself has been described as a terrorist movement that draws inspiration from [[al-Qaeda]].<ref name="IHT_20070315" /><ref name="Figaro_20070416" /><ref name="Reuters_20070519">{{Cite web|url=http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?storyID=2007-05-20T031424Z_01_L20250509_RTRUKOC_0_US-LEBANON-CAMP-FIGHTING.xml|title=Lebanon Camp Fighting|website=Reuters.com}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Its stated goal is to reform the Palestinian refugee camps under [[Sharia|Islamic sharia law]],<ref name="Reuters_FactBox">Reuters (20 May 2007). [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L20400320.htm "Facts about militant group Fatah al-Islam"]. Retrieved 20 May 2007.</ref> and its primary targets are the Lebanese authorities, Israel and the United States.<ref name="IHT_20070315" />

==== Saudi Arabia ====
{{Main|Terrorism in Saudi Arabia}}

==== Syria ====
{{Main|Terrorism in Syria}}

==== Yemen ====
{{Main|Terrorism in Yemen}}