Vote buying

==== Venezuela ====
{{See also|2018 Venezuelan presidential election}}
[[File:Carnet de la Patria.png|left|thumb|[[Carnet de la Patria]], a digital ID based on China's [[Social Credit System]]. The card allows the government to monitor citizen behavior such as social media presence, political party membership, and whether or not they voted.<ref name="reuters zte">{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/venezuela-zte/ |title=How ZTE helps Venezuela create China-style social control |date=14 November 2018 |first=Angus |last=Berwick |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=3 November 2019 |archive-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115181612/https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/venezuela-zte/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

During the [[2018 Venezuelan presidential election]], reports of vote buying were prevalent during the presidential campaigning. Venezuelans suffering from hunger were pressured to vote for Maduro, with the government bribing potential supporters with food.<ref name=":15">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/21/world/americas/venezuela-nicolas-maduro-sanctions.html|title=As Trump Adds Sanctions on Venezuela, Its Neighbors Reject Election Result|date=21 May 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=21 May 2018|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=22 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522115000/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/21/world/americas/venezuela-nicolas-maduro-sanctions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Maduro promised rewards for citizens who scanned their ''[[Carnet de la Patria]]'' at the voting booth, which would allow the government to monitor the political party of their citizens and whether or not they had voted. These prizes were reportedly never delivered.<ref name="reuters zte" /> {{Reduced pull quote|right|Everyone who has a Carnet de la Patria has to go to vote on 20 May. ... I am thinking of giving a prize to the people of Venezuela who go out to vote that day with the Carnet de la Patria|President [[Nicolás Maduro]]|28 April 2018<ref>{{cite news|title=Súmate denunció complicidad del CNE por compra de votos para reelección de Maduro|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2018/05/17/sumate-denuncio-complicidad-del-cne-por-compra-de-votos-para-reeleccion-de-maduro/|access-date=18 May 2018|work=[[La Patilla]]|date=17 May 2018|language=es-ES|archive-date=18 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518033730/https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2018/05/17/sumate-denuncio-complicidad-del-cne-por-compra-de-votos-para-reeleccion-de-maduro/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}In a visit to [[Delta Amacuro]], president and reelection candidate Nicolás Maduro gave away eight motor boats, nine ambulances, and reopened the "Antonio Díaz" Tucupita Airport, among other announcements, violating Article 223 of the Organic Law of Electoral Processes which forbids the use of state resources during election campaigns, as well as one of the prerogatives in the Agreement of Electoral Guarantees signed by the presidential candidates to the CNE.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sepa qué le dejó Maduro a Delta Amacuro|url=https://www.conelmazodando.com.ve/sepa-que-le-dejo-maduro-a-delta-amacuro|access-date=12 May 2018|agency=Con el Mazo Dando|date=24 April 2018|language=es|archive-date=12 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512112639/https://www.conelmazodando.com.ve/sepa-que-le-dejo-maduro-a-delta-amacuro|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gobierno reactivó Aeropuerto Nacional de Tucupita|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/actualidad/regiones/gobierno-reactivo-aeropuerto-nacional-tucupita/|access-date=12 May 2018|work=El Mundo|date=25 April 2018|language=es|archive-date=27 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427151149/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/actualidad/regiones/gobierno-reactivo-aeropuerto-nacional-tucupita/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aprobación de recursos y un breve discurso dio Maduro durante campaña en Delta Amacuro|url=http://www.contrapunto.com/noticia/aprobacion-de-recursos-y-un-breve-discurso-dio-maduro-durante-campana-en-delta-amacuro-197827/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190210151446/http://www.contrapunto.com/noticia/aprobacion-de-recursos-y-un-breve-discurso-dio-maduro-durante-campana-en-delta-amacuro-197827/|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2019|access-date=12 May 2018|agency=Contrapunto|date=24 April 2018}}</ref> On 8 May Maduro again violated the electoral law during an electoral act in the [[Amazonas (Venezuelan state)|Amazonas state]] by promising to give fuel to the entity in exchange for votes.<ref name=":5">{{cite news|title=Maduro promete ser el "protector" de Amazonas y "golpear" a las mafias de la gasolina|url=http://efectococuyo.com/principales/maduro-promete-ser-el-protector-de-amazonas-y-golpear-a-las-mafias-de-la-gasolina/|date=8 May 2018|work=Efecto Cocuyo|access-date=3 November 2019|archive-date=8 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508212143/http://efectococuyo.com/principales/maduro-promete-ser-el-protector-de-amazonas-y-golpear-a-las-mafias-de-la-gasolina/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Maduro prometió casas, gasolina y trabajo para Puerto Ayacucho|url=https://elpitazo.com/guayana/maduro-prometio-casas-gasolina-trabajo-puerto-ayacucho/|access-date=12 May 2018|agency=El Pitazo|date=8 May 2018|language=es}}{{dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pdvsa activa plan especial de suministro de combustible en Amazonas|url=http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/economia/pdvsa-activa-plan-especial-suministro-combustible-amazonas/|access-date=12 May 2018|agency=Últimas Noticas|date=9 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512120541/http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/economia/pdvsa-activa-plan-especial-suministro-combustible-amazonas/|archive-date=12 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pdvsa reactiva suministro de gasolina tras reclamos a Maduro en Amazonas|url=http://elestimulo.com/elinteres/pdvsa-reactiva-suministro-de-gasolina-tras-reclamos-a-maduro-en-amazonas/|access-date=12 May 2018|agency=El Estímulo|date=9 May 2018|language=es|archive-date=12 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512112839/http://elestimulo.com/elinteres/pdvsa-reactiva-suministro-de-gasolina-tras-reclamos-a-maduro-en-amazonas/|url-status=live}}</ref>