Tulsa, Oklahoma

===Cityscape===
{{Wide image|Central Park Tulsa Oklahoma.jpg|1050px|Panoramic view of Veterans Park and Downtown, looking west}}

====Architecture====
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Tulsa|List of Art Deco buildings in Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[File:Philtower-Building-Tulsa-Oklahoma.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Philtower]], built in the late [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style, is surrounded by contemporary office buildings.]]

A building boom in Tulsa in the early 20th century coincided with the rise of art deco architecture in the United States.<ref name="Art Deco in Tulsa" /> Most commonly in the zigzag and [[Streamline Moderne|streamline]] styles,<ref name="Art Deco in Tulsa" /> the city's art deco is dotted throughout its older neighborhoods, primarily in downtown and midtown. A collection of large art deco structures such as the [[Mid-Continent Tower]], the [[Boston Avenue Methodist Church]], [[Will Rogers High School]], and the [[Philtower]], have attracted events promoting the preservation and architectural interest.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

In addition, the city's early prosperity funded the construction of many elegant Craftsmen, Georgian, storybook, Tudor, Greek Revival, [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]], [[Spanish Revival|Spanish revival]], and colonial revival homes (many of which can be found in Tulsa's uptown and Midtown neighborhoods). Noted architects and firms working in Tulsa during this period include Charles Dilbeck,<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Dilbeck |url=http://www.preservationdallas.org/resources/discover-dallas/charles-stevens-dilbeck/ |website=preservationdallas.org |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> [[John Duncan Forsyth]], and [[Nelle Peters]].

Growth in the twentieth century gave the city a larger base of contemporary architectural styles, including several buildings by famed Tulsa architects [[Bruce Goff]] and [[Adah Robinson]]. The [[Prairie School]] was very influential in Tulsa: [[Barry Byrne]] designed Tulsa's Christ the King Church and, in 1927, [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]'s midtown Tulsa residential project [[Westhope]] was completed. In particular, the middle of the 20th century brought a wealth of modern architecture to Tulsa. Tulsa's Mies-trained modernist [[Robert Lawton Jones]] designed many buildings in the region, including the Tulsa International Airport.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sisson |first1=Patrick |title=Robert Lawton Jones: Tulsa's ambassador of International Style |url=https://www.curbed.com/2017/8/24/16170780/robert-lawton-jones-midcentury-modern-architect-tulsa-oklahoma |access-date=10 May 2019 |work=Curbed |date=24 August 2017}}</ref> Other noted modernists working in Tulsa include the pioneering Texas architect [[O'Neil Ford]]<ref>{{cite web |title=O'Neil Ford |url=https://larryspeck.com/architects/oneil-ford/ | website=larryspeck.com |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> and [[Joseph R. Koberling Jr.]], who had also been active during the art deco period. South, East, and Midtown Tulsa are home to a number of the ranch and Mid-Century Modern homes that reflect Tulsa's prosperous post-war period.

The [[BOK Tower]], built during this period, is the second tallest building in Oklahoma and the surrounding states of Missouri, [[New Mexico]], [[Arkansas]], and Kansas.<ref name="Tallest Buildings by U.S. State">{{cite web | date=October 6, 2006 | url=http://www.allaboutskyscrapers.com/tallest_state.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111140434/http://www.allaboutskyscrapers.com/tallest_state.html | archive-date=January 11, 2007| title=Tallest Buildings by U.S. State | first=Richie | last=Gill | publisher=All About Skyscrapers| access-date=April 14, 2007}}</ref> Tulsa also has the third-, and fourth-tallest buildings in the state, including the [[Cityplex Towers|Cityplex Tower]], which is located in South Tulsa across from Oral Roberts University, far from downtown.<ref name="About Oklahoma">{{cite web| year=2007| url=http://www.travelok.com/about/fun_facts.asp| title=About Oklahoma| publisher=Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation| access-date=April 29, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517085232/http://www.travelok.com/about/fun_facts.asp| archive-date=May 17, 2007| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref> One of the area's unique architectural complexes, Oral Roberts University, is built in a [[Futurist architecture|Post-Modern Futuristic]] style, incorporating bright gold structures with sharp, jetting edges and clear geometric shapes. The [[BOK Center]], Tulsa's new arena, incorporates many of the city's most prominent themes, including Native American, art deco, and contemporary architectural styles.<ref>{{cite news | date=September 28, 2004 | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=040929_Ne_A1_Leade7399| title=Leaders praise arena design| first = Brian | last = Barber| newspaper=Tulsa World | access-date=May 7, 2007}}</ref> Intended to be an architectural icon,<ref name="The BOK Center">{{cite web | year=2006 | url=http://tulsaarena.info/index-hold.php?id=25| title=Arena Schematic Design Presented| publisher=Vision 2025 | access-date=May 7, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928220632/http://tulsaarena.info/index-hold.php?id=25 |archive-date = September 28, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> the building was designed by [[César Pelli]], the architect of the [[Petronas Towers]] in [[Malaysia]].

====Neighborhoods====
{{Main|Neighborhoods of Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[Downtown Tulsa]] is an area of approximately {{convert|1.4|sqmi|km2}} surrounded by an inner-dispersal loop created by Interstate 244, Highway 64, and Highway 75.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tulsadowntown.org/index.cfm?pageID=7&pageParentIDNew=1 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502145026/http://www.tulsadowntown.org/index.cfm?pageID=7&pageParentIDNew=1 | archive-date=May 2, 2007| title=Quick Facts | publisher=Downtown Tulsa Unlimited | access-date=April 14, 2007}}</ref> The area serves as Tulsa's financial and business district, and is the focus of a large initiative to draw tourism, which includes plans to capitalize on the area's historic architecture.<ref name="Land Legacy">{{cite web | date=December 25, 2005 | url=http://www.landlegacy.com/index.asp?page=news&issue=20051225 | title=Walk to tie city's projects together | publisher=Land Legacy | access-date=April 14, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309161139/http://www.landlegacy.com/index.asp?page=news&issue=20051225 | archive-date=March 9, 2007 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Much of Tulsa's convention space is located in downtown, such as the [[Tulsa Performing Arts Center]], the [[Tulsa Convention Center]], and the [[BOK Center]]. Prominent downtown sub-districts include the Blue Dome District, the Brady Arts district, the "Oil Capital Historic District", the Greenwood Historical District, [[Owen Park]] Historical Neighborhood, and the site of [[ONEOK Field]], a baseball stadium for the [[Tulsa Drillers]] opened in 2010.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=20080625_11_Thesi15817| first=PJ |last=Lassek |title=Tulsa Drillers stadium coming downtown to Greenwood District | newspaper=Tulsa World| date=June 25, 2008|access-date=September 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=298&articleid=20081219_298_0_hrimgs284185 |first=PJ |last=Lassek |title=City breaks ground on downtown ballpark | newspaper=Tulsa World| date=December 19, 2008|access-date=December 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20090113_11_A1_OneokC226046| first=PJ |last=Lassek |title=Baseball park named Oneok Field | newspaper=Tulsa World| date=January 13, 2009|access-date=January 13, 2009}}</ref>

[[File:Tulsa, Oklahoma.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Arkansas River]] marks the division between West Tulsa and other regions of the city.]]

The city's historical residential core lies in an area known as Midtown, containing upscale neighborhoods built in the early 20th century with architecture ranging from art deco to [[Greek Revival]]. The University of Tulsa, the [[Swan Lake (Tulsa)|Swan Lake]] neighborhood, [[Philbrook Museum]], and the upscale shopping districts of [[Utica Square]], Cherry Street, and Brookside are located in this region. A large portion of the city's southern half has developed since the 1970s, containing low-density housing and retail developments. This region, marked by secluded homes and suburban neighborhoods, contains one of the state's largest shopping malls, [[Woodland Hills Mall]], as well as [[Southern Hills Country Club]], and Oral Roberts University. East of Highway 169 and north of 61st street, a diverse racial makeup marks the eastern portions of the city, with large [[Asian people|Asian]] and [[Mexican people|Mexican]] communities and much of the city's manufacturing industry.

Areas of Tulsa west of the Arkansas River are called [[West Tulsa]] and are marked by large parks, wilderness reserves, and large oil refineries. The northern tier of the city is home to [[OSU-Tulsa]], [[Gilcrease Museum]], [[Tulsa International Airport]], the [[Tulsa Zoo]], the [[Tulsa Air and Space Museum]], and the nation's third-largest municipal park, [[Mohawk Park]].<ref name="Mowhawk Park - 3rd Largest">{{cite web| url=http://www.tulsazoo.org/general.asp?id=97| title=Zoo History| publisher=[[Tulsa Zoo and Living Museum]]| access-date=April 15, 2006| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928072514/http://www.tulsazoo.org/general.asp?id=97| archive-date=September 28, 2006| df=mdy-all}}</ref>