Trinidad

==Geology==
[[File:Trinidad geology.jpg|thumb|right|Regional Geology of Trinidad and Venezuela<ref>Woodside, P.R., The Petroleum Geology of Trinidad and Tobago, 1981, USGS Report 81-660, Washington: US Dept. of the Interior, p. 4a.</ref>]]
The Venezuela [[Tertiary]] [[Structural basin|Basin]] is a [[Tectonic subsidence|subsidence]] basin formed between the Caribbean and South American [[Plate Tectonics|plates]], and is bounded on the north by the coast [[Mountain range|ranges]] of Venezuela and the Northern Range of Trinidad, and bounded on the south by the [[Guayana Shield]].<ref>Bane & Chanpong, p. 392.</ref>  This Guayana shield supplied fine-grained [[Clastic rock|clastic]] [[sediments]], which with the subsidence, formed a regional negative [[gravity anomaly]] and growth [[fault (geology)|fault]]s.<ref name="Bane, S.C. 1980, p. 387">Bane & Chanpong, p. 387.</ref> Oil and gas discoveries from the [[Pliocene]] Moruga [[Group (stratigraphy)|Group]] include Teak (1968), Samaan (1971), Poui (1972) and Galeota.<ref name=Woodside>Woodside, P.R., The Petroleum Geology of Trinidad and Tobago, 1981, USGS Report 81-660, Washington: US Dept. of the Interior, pp. 2 and 25</ref> These fields are mainly faulted [[anticline]] [[Structural trap|traps]] producing from depths of {{convert|1.2|to|4.2|km|abbr=on}} subsea, with Teak possessing a hydrocarbon column almost {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}} thick.<ref name="Bane, S.C. 1980, p. 387"/>

The [[Northern Range]] is an [[Upper Jurassic]]-[[Lower Cretaceous]] range of [[metamorphic]] rocks [[strike and dip|striking]] east and dipping south.  The range's southern boundary is marked by a [[fault (geology)|fault]] extending from the [[El Pilar Fault System]] in Venezuela.  South of this fault is the Northern Basin, or Caroni [[Syncline]], consisting of [[Tertiary]] [[sedimentary rock]]s [[unconformably]] overlying Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.  South of this basin is the Central Range, consisting of [[Upper Tertiary]] sedimentary rocks lying unconformably atop [[Lower Eocene]] and [[Paleocene]] rocks. South of this range is the [[Naparima Plain]], a [[fold and thrust belt|thrust belt]] of [[Oligocene]] and [[Lower Tertiary]] beds.  

Hydrocarbon bearing anticlines include those associated with [[Pitch Lake]], Forest Reserve, Point Fortin, Penal, Barrackpore, and Balata Fields.  The Los Bajos Fault is a [[wrench fault]], with [[Lower Pliocene]] displacement of 6.51 miles, bordered on the north by the Siparia syncline, and on the south by the Erin syncline.  Finally, the [[Southern Range]] consists of anticlinal folds, including the Rock Dome-Herrera anticline and the Moruga-West Field. East of this Rock Dome are [[en echelon]] folds containing the Lizard Springs Field.  South of these folds is another fold trend containing the Moruga-East, Guayaguayare, Beach, and Galeota Fields.  South of the Morne Diablo-Quinam Erin Field westward is a strongly folded anticline associated with shale [[diapirism]], which extends west southwestward to the Pedernales Field in southeast Venezuela.  The northeast portion of the Southern Range separates into a northern trend containing the Lizard Springs, Navette, and Mayaro Fields, while the southern trend contains the Beach Field.<ref name=Woodside/>{{rp|5–9}}