Suburb

===Interwar suburban expansion in England===
[[File:Mentmore Cottages.gif|thumb|upright=1.1|[[Tudorbethan architecture|Mock Tudor]] semi-detached cottages, built {{circa|1870}}]]
Suburbanization in the interwar period was heavily influenced by the [[garden city movement]] of [[Ebenezer Howard]] and the creation of the first garden suburbs at the turn of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The suburban aspiration in England since 1919 | doi=10.1080/13619460008581576 | volume=14|journal=Contemporary British History|pages=151–174|year=2000 |last1=Clapson |first1=Mark | s2cid=143590157 }}</ref> The first garden suburb was developed through the efforts of [[social reform]]er [[Henrietta Barnett]] and her husband; inspired by Ebenezer Howard and the model housing development movement (then exemplified by [[Letchworth]] garden city), as well as the desire to protect part of [[Hampstead Heath]] from development, they established trusts in 1904 which bought 243 acres of land along the newly opened Northern line extension to [[Golders Green]] and created the [[Hampstead Garden Suburb]]. The suburb attracted the talents of architects including [[Raymond Unwin]] and Sir [[Edwin Lutyens]], and it ultimately grew to encompass over 800 acres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hgstrust.org/the-suburb/history-of-the-suburb.shtml|title=The History of the Suburb|website=Hgstrust.org|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072550/http://www.hgstrust.org/the-suburb/history-of-the-suburb.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During World War I, the [[Tudor Walters Committee]] was commissioned to make recommendations for the post war reconstruction and housebuilding. In part, this was a response to the shocking lack of fitness amongst many recruits during World War One, attributed to poor living conditions; a belief summed up in a housing poster of the period "you cannot expect to get an A1 population out of C3 homes" – referring to military fitness classifications of the period.

The committee's report of 1917 was taken up by the government, which passed the [[Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919]], also known as the Addison Act after [[Christopher Addison]], the then Minister for Housing. The Act allowed for the building of large new housing estates in the suburbs after the [[First World War]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/outcomes1_02.shtml|title=Outcomes of the War: Britain|website=Bbc.co.uk|access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> and marked the start of a long 20th century tradition of state-owned housing, which would later evolve into [[council estate]]s.

The Report also legislated on the required, minimum standards necessary for further suburban construction; this included regulation on the maximum housing density and their arrangement, and it even made recommendations on the ideal number of bedrooms and other rooms per house. Although the [[semi-detached]] house was first designed by the [[John Shaw Sr.|Shaws]] (a father and son architectural partnership) in the 19th century, it was during the suburban housing boom of the interwar period that the design first proliferated as a suburban icon, being preferred by middle-class home owners to the smaller [[terraced house]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5334/pia.404|journal=[[Papers from the Institute of Archaeology]] |title=The Development of English Semi-detached Dwellings During the Nineteenth Century|volume=22|year=2012 |pages=83–98 |author=Lofthouse, Pamela |doi-access=free }}</ref> The design of many of these houses, highly characteristic of the era, was heavily influenced by the [[Art Deco]] movement, taking influence from [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor Revival]], [[Swiss chalet style|chalet style]], and even ship design.

Within just a decade suburbs dramatically increased in size. [[Harrow Weald]] went from just 1,500 to over 10,000 while Pinner jumped from 3,000 to over 20,000. During the 1930s, over 4 million new suburban houses were built, the 'suburban revolution' had made England the most heavily suburbanized country in the world, by a considerable margin.<ref name="Hollow 2011" />