Second Great Awakening

==New movements==
===Adventism===
The [[Adventism|Advent]] Movement emerged in the 1830s and 1840s in North America, and was preached by ministers such as [[William Miller (preacher)|William Miller]], whose followers became known as [[Millerism|Millerites]]. The name refers to belief in the soon [[Second Advent of Jesus]] (popularly known as the [[Second coming]]) and resulted in several major religious denominations, including [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]] and [[Advent Christian Church|Advent Christians]].<ref>Gary Land, ''Adventism in America: A History'' (1998)</ref>

===Holiness movement===
{{main|Holiness movement}}
Though its roots are in the First Great Awakening and earlier, a re-emphasis on [[Wesleyanism|Wesleyan]] teachings on [[sanctification]] emerged during the Second Great Awakening, leading to a distinction between Mainline Methodism and Holiness churches.

===Restoration Movement===
{{main|Restoration Movement}}
The idea of restoring a "primitive" form of Christianity grew in popularity in the U.S. after the [[American Revolution]].<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988">C. Leonard Allen and Richard T. Hughes, ''Discovering Our Roots: The Ancestry of the Churches of Christ,'' Abilene Christian University Press, 1988, {{ISBN|0-89112-006-8}}</ref>{{rp|89–94}} This desire to restore a purer form of Christianity without an elaborate hierarchy contributed to the development of many groups during the Second Great Awakening, including the [[History of the Latter Day Saint movement|Latter Day Saints]], [[Baptists in the United States|Baptists]] and [[Shakers]].<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988"/>{{rp|89}} Several factors made the restoration sentiment particularly appealing during this time period:<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988"/>{{rp|90–94}}

* To immigrants in the early 19th century, the land in the United States seemed pristine, edenic and undefiled – "the perfect place to recover pure, uncorrupted and original Christianity" – and the tradition-bound European churches seemed out of place in this new setting.<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988"/>{{rp|90}}
* A primitive faith based on the Bible alone promised a way to sidestep the competing claims of the many denominations available and for congregations to find assurance of being right without the security of an established national church.<ref name="Allen & Hughes 1988"/>{{rp|93}}

The Restoration Movement began during, and was greatly influenced by, the Second Great Awakening.<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Great Awakenings">Douglas Allen Foster and Anthony L. Dunnavant, ''The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Churches of Christ'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004, {{ISBN|0-8028-3898-7}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8028-3898-8}}, 854 pages, entry on ''Great Awakenings''</ref>{{rp|368}} While the leaders of one of the two primary groups making up this movement, [[Thomas Campbell (clergyman)|Thomas Campbell]] and [[Alexander Campbell (clergyman)|Alexander Campbell]], resisted what they saw as the spiritual manipulation of the camp meetings, the revivals contributed to the development of the other major branch, led by [[Barton W. Stone]].<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Great Awakenings"/>{{rp|368}} The Southern phase of the Awakening "was an important matrix of Barton Stone's reform movement" and shaped the evangelistic techniques used by both Stone and the Campbells.<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Great Awakenings"/>{{rp|368}}