Pennsylvania

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Pennsylvania}}
{{Further|List of counties in Pennsylvania}}
Pennsylvania is {{convert|170|mi|km|0}} north to south and {{convert|283|mi|km|0}} east to west.<ref name="pageo">{{cite web |url=http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/pa_geography.htm |title=Pennsylvania geography |publisher=Netstate.com |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527020624/http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/pa_geography.htm |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Of a total {{convert|46055|sqmi|km2|0}}, {{convert|44817|sqmi|km2|0}} are land, {{convert|490|sqmi|km2|0}} are inland waters, and {{convert|749|sqmi|km2|0}} are waters in [[Lake Erie]].<ref name="statabs">[http://compendia/statab/tables/06s0347.xls 2006 Statistical Abstract: Geography & Environment: Land and Land Use]{{dead link|date=July 2010}}</ref> It is the [[List of U.S. states by area|33rd-largest state]] in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timetemperature.com/tzus/pennsylvania_time_zone.shtml |title=Pennsylvania Time Zone |publisher=Timetemperature.com |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109233640/http://www.timetemperature.com/tzus/pennsylvania_time_zone.shtml |archive-date=January 9, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pennsylvania has {{convert|51|mi|km|0}}<ref name="Cr.nps.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/shore/shore8.htm |title=National Park Service: Our Fourth Shore |publisher=Cr.nps.gov |date=December 22, 2003 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518085351/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/shore/shore8.htm |archive-date=May 18, 2011 }}</ref> of coastline along [[Lake Erie]] and {{convert|57|mi|km|0}}<ref name="Coastalmanagement.noaa.gov" /> of shoreline along the [[Delaware River|Delaware Estuary]]. Of the original [[Thirteen Colonies]], Pennsylvania is the only state that does not border the [[Atlantic Ocean]].

The boundaries of the state are the [[Mason–Dixon line]] (39°43' N) to the south, [[Twelve-Mile Circle]] on the Pennsylvania-[[Delaware]] border, the [[Delaware River]] to the east, 80°31' W to the west, and the [[42nd parallel north|42° N]] to the north, except for a short segment on the western end where a triangle extends north to [[Lake Erie]]. The state has five geographical regions: [[Allegheny Plateau]], [[Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians|Ridge and Valley]], [[Atlantic Coastal Plain]], [[Piedmont (United States)|Piedmont]], and [[Erie Plain]].

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Pennsylvania}}
[[File:Pennsylvania Köppen.svg|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] in Pennsylvania]]
[[File:Flickr - Nicholas T - Endless Mountains Landscape (1).jpg|thumb|Autumn in [[North Branch Township, Pennsylvania|North Branch Township]] in [[Wyoming County, Pennsylvania|Wyoming County]] in October 2011]]
Pennsylvania's diverse topography produces a variety of climates, though the entire state experiences cold winters and humid summers. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, except for the southeastern corner, has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb''). The southern portion of the state has a [[humid subtropical]] climate. The largest city, [[Philadelphia]], has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'').

Summers are generally hot and humid. Moving toward the mountainous interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increases, and snowfall amounts are greater. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near [[Lake Erie]], can receive over {{convert|100|in|cm}} of snowfall annually, and the entire state receives plentiful precipitation throughout the year. The state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into autumn. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, such as 30 recorded tornadoes in 2011; generally speaking, these tornadoes do not cause significant damage.<ref>[http://www.homefacts.com/tornadoes/Pennsylvania.html/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517123642/http://www.homefacts.com/tornadoes/Pennsylvania.html/|date=May 17, 2015}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;background:#E8EAFA;" |Monthly Average High and Low Temperatures For Various Pennsylvania Cities (in °F)
|-
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000; height:30px;" | City
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Jan.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Feb.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Mar.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Apr.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | May
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Jun.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Jul.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Aug.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Sep.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Oct.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Nov.
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;" | Dec.
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 36/20
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 40/22
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 49/29
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 61/39
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 72/48
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 80/58
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 84/63
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 82/61
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 75/53
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 64/41
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 52/33
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 40/24
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 34/21
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 36/21
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 44/27
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 56/38
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 67/48
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 76/58
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 80/63
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 79/62
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 72/56
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 61/45
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 50/37
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 38/27
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 37/23
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 41/25
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 50/33
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 62/42
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 72/52
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 81/62
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 85/66
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 83/64
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 76/56
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 64/45
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 53/35
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 41/27
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | [[Philadelphia]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 40/26
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 44/28
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 53/34
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 64/44
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 74/54
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 83/64
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 87/69
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 85/68
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 78/60
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 67/48
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 56/39
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 45/30
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | [[Pittsburgh]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 36/21
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 39/23
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 49/30
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 62/40
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 71/49
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 79/58
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 83/63
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 81/62
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 74/54
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 63/43
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 51/35
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 39/25
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 33/19
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 37/21
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 46/28
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 59/38
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 70/48
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 78/56
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 82/61
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 80/60
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 72/52
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 61/41
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 49/33
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;" | 38/24
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;" |Sources:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=phi|title=National Weather Service Climate|author=National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305104542/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=phi|archive-date=March 5, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><!--Philadelphia/Allentown--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=bgm|title=National Weather Service Climate|author=National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325204622/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=bgm|archive-date=March 25, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><!--Scranton/Wilkes-Barre--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=ctp|title=Climate Information—National Weather Service Central PA|author=National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705132003/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=ctp|archive-date=July 5, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><!--Harrisburg--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pbz|title=National Weather Service Climate|author=National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705132008/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pbz|archive-date=July 5, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><!--Pittsburgh--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=cle|title=National Weather Service Climate|author=National Weather Service Corporate Image Web Team|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528101832/http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=cle|archive-date=May 28, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><!--Erie-->
|}

===Municipalities===
{{Main|List of municipalities in Pennsylvania}}
{{See also|List of counties in Pennsylvania|List of cities in Pennsylvania|List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania|List of townships in Pennsylvania||List of county seats in Pennsylvania (by population)|List of census-designated places in Pennsylvania|List of populated places in Pennsylvania}}
Cities in Pennsylvania include [[Philadelphia]], [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], [[Lebanon, Pennsylvania|Lebanon]], and [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] in the southeast, [[Pittsburgh]] in the southwest, and the tri-cities of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], and [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]] in the central east, known as the [[Lehigh Valley]]. The [[Northeastern Pennsylvania|northeast]] includes the former [[anthracite|anthracite coal]] mining cities of [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]], [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]], [[Pittston, Pennsylvania|Pittston]], [[Nanticoke, Pennsylvania|Nanticoke]], and [[Hazleton, Pennsylvania|Hazleton]]. [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]] is located in the northwest. [[State College, Pennsylvania|State College]] is located in the central region. [[Williamsport, Pennsylvania|Williamsport]] is in the north-central region with [[York, Pennsylvania|York]], [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]], and the state capital [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] on the [[Susquehanna River]] in the east-central region of the state. [[Altoona, Pennsylvania|Altoona]] and [[Johnstown, Pennsylvania|Johnstown]] are in the state's west-central region.

The state's three-most populated cities, in order of size, are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Allentown.

{{Largest municipalities
| country = Pennsylvania
| stat_ref = Source:<ref name="U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=September 21, 2021 }}</ref>
| list_by_pop =
| div_name =
| div_link = Counties of Pennsylvania{{!}}County
| municipality_1 = Philadelphia{{!}}Philadelphia
| div_1 = Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Philadelphia
| pop_1 = 1,603,797	
| img_1 = Philadelphia skyline from south street bridge.jpg
| municipality_2 = Pittsburgh{{!}}Pittsburgh
| div_2 = Allegheny County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Allegheny
| pop_2 = 302,971	
| img_2 = Pittsburgh Skyline from West End Overlook 01.jpg
| municipality_3 = Allentown, Pennsylvania{{!}}Allentown
| div_3 = Lehigh County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Lehigh
| pop_3 = 125,845		
| img_3 = Allentown.jpg
| municipality_4 = Reading, Pennsylvania{{!}}Reading
| div_4 = Berks County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Berks
| pop_4 = 95,112	
| img_4 = Reading_Urban.jpg
| municipality_5 = Erie, Pennsylvania{{!}}Erie
| div_5 = Erie County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Erie
| pop_5 = 94,831
| img_5 = 
| municipality_6 = Upper Darby Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Upper Darby
| div_6 = Delaware County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Delaware
| pop_6 = 85,681
| img_6 =
| municipality_7 = Scranton, Pennsylvania{{!}}Scranton
| div_7 = Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Lackawanna
| pop_7 = 76,328
| img_7 =
| municipality_8 = Bethlehem, Pennsylvania{{!}}Bethlehem
| div_8 = Northampton County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Northampton
| pop_8 = 75,781 	
| img_8 =
| municipality_9 = Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania{{!}}Lower Merion Township
| div_9 = Montgomery County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Montgomery
| pop_9 = 63,633 	
| img_9 =
| municipality_10 = Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania{{!}}Bensalem Township
| div_10 = Bucks County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Bucks
| pop_10 = 62,707
| img_10 =
| municipality_11 = Lancaster, Pennsylvania{{!}}Lancaster
| div_11 = Lancaster County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Lancaster
| pop_11 = 58,039
| img_11 =
| municipality_12 = Millcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Millcreek Township
| div_12 = Erie County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Erie
| pop_12 = 54,073
| img_12 =
| municipality_13 = Lower Paxton Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Lower Paxton Township
| div_13 = Dauphin County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Dauphin
| pop_13 = 53,501
| img_13 =
| municipality_14 = Haverford Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Haverford Township
| div_14 = Delaware County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Delaware
| pop_14 = 50,431 	
| img_14 =
| municipality_15 = Harrisburg, Pennsylvania{{!}}Harrisburg
| div_15 = Dauphin County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Dauphin
| pop_15 = 50,099
| img_15 =
| municipality_16 = York, Pennsylvania{{!}}York
| div_16 = York County, Pennsylvania{{!}}York
| pop_16 = 44,800
| img_16 =
| municipality_17 = Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania{{!}}Wilkes-Barre
| div_17 = Luzerne County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Luzerne
| pop_17 = 44,328
| img_17 =
| municipality_18 = Altoona, Pennsylvania{{!}}Altoona
| div_18 = Blair County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Blair
| pop_18 = 43,963 
| img_18 =
| municipality_19 = Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Hempfield Township
| div_19 = Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Westmoreland
| pop_19 = 41,466
| img_19 =
| municipality_20 = Penn Hills, Pennsylvania{{!}}Penn Hills
| div_20 = Allegheny County, Pennsylvania{{!}}Allegheny
| pop_20 = 41,059 	
| img_20 =
}}

===Adjacent states and province===
* [[Ontario]] (Province of [[Canada]]) (Northwest)
* [[New York (state)|New York]] (North and Northeast)
* [[New Jersey]] (East and Southeast)
* [[Delaware]] (Extreme Southeast)
* [[Maryland]] (South)
* [[West Virginia]] (Southwest)
* [[Ohio]] (West)