Olusegun Obasanjo

=== Civil War command: 1967–1970 ===
[[File:Colonel Olu Obasanjo - ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 093 New Nigerian newspaper page 7 January 1970. End of the Nigerian civil war with Biafra (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|"Colonel Olu Obasanjo, Commander, 3rd division". ''New Nigerian Newspaper'', page 7, 12 January 1970. End of the Nigerian civil war with Biafra.]]Obasanjo was then appointed the rear commander of [[Murtala Muhammed]]'s [[2 Division (Nigeria)|Second Division]], which was operating in the Mid-West. Based at Ibadan, Obasanjo was responsible for ensuring that the Second Division was kept supplied.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=26}} In the city, Obasanjo taught a course in [[military science]] at the University of Ibadan and built his contacts in the Yoruba elite. During the war, there was popular unrest in the Western State, and to avoid responsibility for these issues, Obasanjo resigned from the Western State Executive Council.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|pp=26–27}} While Obasanjo was away from Ibadan in November 1968, armed villagers mobilised by the farmers' [[Agbekoya|Agbekoya Association]] attacked the Ibadan City Hall. Troops retaliated, killing ten of the rioters. When Obasanjo returned he ordered a court of inquiry into the events.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|pp=26–27}}

Gowon decide to replace Colonel [[Benjamin Adekunle]], who was leading the attack on Biafra, but needed another senior Yoruba. He chose Obasanjo, despite the latter's lack of combat experience.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|pp=27–28}} Obasanjo arrived at [[Port Harcourt]] to take up the new position on 16 May 1969; he was now in charge of between 35,000 and 40,000 troops. He spent his first six weeks repelling a Biafran attack on [[Aba, Abia|Aba]].{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=28}} He toured every part of the front, and was wounded while doing so. These actions earned him a reputation for courage among his men.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=28}} In December, Obasanjo launched [[Operation Finishing Touch]], ordering his troops to advance towards [[Umuahia]], which they took on [[Christmas Day]]. This cut Biafra in half. On 7 January 1970, he then launched [[Operation Tail-Wind]], capturing the [[Uli, Anambra|Uli]] airstrip on 12 January. At this, the Biafran leaders agreed to surrender.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=29}}

On 13 January, Obasanjo met with Biafran military commander [[Philip Effiong]].{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|pp=29–30}} Obasanjo insisted that Biafran troops surrender their arms and that a selection of the breakaway state's leaders go to Lagos and formally surrender to Gowon.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=30}} The next day, Obasanjo spoke on regional radio, urging citizens to stay in their homes and guaranteeing their safety.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=30}} Many Biafrans and foreign media sources feared that the Nigerian Army would commit widespread atrocities against the defeated population, although Obasanjo was keen to prevent this. He ordered his troops in the region to remain within their barracks, maintain that the local police should take responsibility for law and order.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=30}} The [[3rd Division (Nigeria)|Third Division]], which was more isolated, did carry out reprisal attacks on the local population. Obasanjo was tough on the perpetrators, having those guilty of looting flogged and those guilty of rape shot.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=30}} Gowon's government made Obasanjo responsible for reintegrating Biafra into Nigeria, in which position he earned respect for emphasising magnanimity.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=31}} As an engineer, he emphasised restoration of the water supply; by May 1970 all major towns in the region were reconnected to the water supply.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=31}} Obasanjo's role in ending the war made him a [[war hero]] and a nationally known figure in Nigeria.{{sfn|Derfler|2011|p=78}}