Modesto, California

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0648354|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715040109/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0648354|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Modesto city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Modesto had a population of 201,165. The population density was {{convert|5,423.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Modesto was 130,833 (65.0%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 8,396 (4.2%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2,494 (1.2%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 13,557 (6.7%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]] (1.5% Filipino, 1.3% Asian Indian, 1.2% Cambodian, 0.7% Chinese, 0.6% Vietnamese, 0.5% Laotian, 0.2% Japanese, 0.2% Korean, 0.1% Hmong, 0.1% Pakistani), 1,924 (1.0%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 31,244 (15.5%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 12,717 (6.3%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 71,381 persons (35.5%): 30.8% Mexican, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.6% Salvadoran, 0.5% Spaniard, 0.4% Spanish, 0.3% Nicaraguan, and 0.2% Guatemalan. [[Non-Hispanic Whites]] were 49.4% of the population in 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0648354.html |title=Modesto (city), California |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814085459/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0648354.html |archive-date=August 14, 2012  }}</ref> down from 83.1% in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title=California – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html}}</ref>

The Census reported that 198,210 people (98.5% of the population) lived in households, 1,189 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,766 (0.9%) were institutionalized.

There were 69,107 households, out of which 27,152 (39.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 33,230 (48.1%) were married couples living together, 10,774 (15.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4,904 (7.1%) had a male householder with no wife present.  There were 5,177 (7.5%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried]]. 15,887 households (23.0%) were made up of individuals, and 6,221 (9.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87.  There were 48,908 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (70.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.38.

The population was spread out, with 54,012 people (26.8%) under the age of 18, 20,838 people (10.4%) aged 18 to 24, 53,116 people (26.4%) aged 25 to 44, 49,691 people (24.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 23,508 people (11.7%) who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 34.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.

There were 75,044 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2,023.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 39,422 (57.0%) were owner-occupied, and 29,685 (43.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.1%.  112,065 people (55.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 86,145 people (42.8%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $49,852, and the median income for a family was $56,629.<ref>{{cite web|title=Selected Economic Characteristics, 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_DP03&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213610/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_DP03&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-02-12}}</ref> Males had a median income of $47,473 versus $37,629 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,886. About 14.9% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.3% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

In September 2010, the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research released a study indicating that 32% of the population was obese vs. a statewide average obesity rate of 22.7%.  Poverty was one of the factors listed as contributing to the high obesity rates.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}