Mattress

====Core====
{{main|Mattress coil}}

The core of the mattress supports the sleeper's body. Modern spring mattress cores, often called "innersprings" are made up of steel [[coil spring]]s, or "coils".

The [[American wire gauge|gauge]] of the coils is one factor which determines firmness and support. Coils are measured in quarter increments. The lower the number, the thicker the spring. In general, higher-quality mattress coils have a 14-gauge (1.63&nbsp;mm) diameter. Coils of 14 to 15.5-gauge (1.63 to 1.37&nbsp;mm) give more easily under pressure, while a 12.5-gauge (1.94&nbsp;mm) coil, the thickest typically available, feels quite firm.

Connections between the coils help the mattress retain its shape. Most coils are connected by interconnecting wires; encased coils are not connected, but the fabric encasement helps preserve the mattress shape.

There are four types of [[mattress coil]]s:

* '''Bonnell coils''' are the oldest and most common. First adapted from [[Horse and buggy|buggy seat]] springs of the 19th century, they are still prevalent in mid-priced mattresses. Bonnell springs are a knotted, round-top, hourglass-shaped steel wire coil. When laced together with cross wire helicals, these coils form the simplest innerspring unit, also referred to as a Bonnell unit.
* '''Offset coils''' are an hourglass type coil on which portions of the top and bottom convolutions have been flattened. In assembling the innerspring unit, these flat segments of wire are hinged together with helical wires. The hinging effect of the unit is designed to conform to body shape. LFK coils are an unknotted offset coil with a cylindrical or columnar shape.
* '''Continuous coils''' (the Leggett & Platt brand name is "Mira-coil") is an innerspring configuration in which the rows of coils are formed from a single piece of wire. They work in a hinging effect similar to that of offset coils.
* '''[[Marshall coil]]s''', also known as wrapped or encased coils or '''pocket springs''', are thin-gauge, barrel-shaped, knot-less coils individually encased in fabric pockets—normally a fabric from man-made, non-woven fiber. Some manufacturers pre-compress these coils, which makes the mattress firmer and allows for motion separation between the sides of the bed.  As the springs are not wired together, they work more or less independently: the weight on one spring does not affect its neighbors. More than half the consumers who participated in a survey had chosen to buy pocket spring mattresses.<ref name=which>{{cite web |url=http://www.which.co.uk/home-and-garden/home-improvements/guides/choosing-the-best-type-of-mattress/find-the-perfect-bed-mattress/ |title=Mattresses:  Choosing the best type of mattress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312040242/http://www.which.co.uk/home-and-garden/home-improvements/guides/choosing-the-best-type-of-mattress/find-the-perfect-bed-mattress/ |archive-date=12 March 2015 |website=[[Which?]] |publisher=Consumers Association}}</ref>
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