Jerusalem

===Salem===
The [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] [[Genesis Apocryphon|Apocryphon of Genesis]] of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] (1QapGen 22:13) equates Jerusalem with the earlier "Salem" (שלם), said to be the kingdom of [[Melchizedek]] in Genesis 14.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|14:18}}</ref> Other early Hebrew sources,<ref>''E.g.'', {{bibleverse|Jubilees|1:30}}, the [[Septuagint]] version of {{bibleverse|Jer|48:5}} (as Συχὲμ  {{grc-transl|Συχὲμ}}) and possibly the Masoretic text of {{bibleverse|Genesis|33:18}} (''see'' KJV and the margin translation of the Revised Version).</ref> early Christian renderings of the verse<ref>''E.g.'', the [[Vulgate]] and [[Peshitta]] versions. J.A. Emerton, "The site of Salem: the City of Melchizedek ({{bibleverse|Genesis|xiv 18}})," pp. 45–72 of ''Studies in the Pentateuch'' ed. by J.A. Emerton, vol. 41 of ''Supplements to Vetus Testamentum'' (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1990) ("Emerton"), p. 45. ''See also'' {{bibleverse|John|3:23}} where "Salim" or "Sylem" (Συχὲμ) is said to be near [[Ænon]], thought to be in the valley of [[Mount Ebal]], one of two mountains in the vicinity of Nablus.</ref> and ''[[targumim]]'',<ref>[[Targum Onkelos|Onklelos]], [[Pseudo-Jonathan]] and [[Targum Neofiti|Neofiti I]]. Emerton, p. 45.</ref> however, put Salem in Northern Israel near [[Shechem]] (Sichem), now [[Nablus]], a city of some importance in early sacred Hebrew writing.<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|12:6–7}} (where Abram built an altar), {{bibleverse|Genesis 33:18–20, Deuteronomy 11:29 & 28:11, Joshua 8:33, 1 Kings 12|multi=yes}}. Emerton, p. 63.</ref> Possibly the redactor of the Apocryphon of Genesis wanted to dissociate Melchizedek from the area of Shechem, which at the time was in possession of the [[Samaritans]].<ref>Paul Winter, "Note on Salem – Jerusalem", ''Novum Testamentum'', vol. 2, pp. 151–152 (1957).</ref> However that may be, later Rabbinic sources also equate Salem with Jerusalem, mainly to link Melchizedek to later Temple traditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.templestudiesgroup.com/Papers/Robert_Hayward.pdf |last=Raymond Hayward |title=Melchizedek as Priest of the Jerusalem Temple in Talmud, Midrash, and Targum |publisher=The Temple Studies Group |access-date=24 January 2015 |archive-date=3 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903233953/http://www.templestudiesgroup.com/Papers/Robert_Hayward.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>