Generation

===Other areas===
* In [[Armenia]], people born after the country's independence from the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991 are known as the "Independence generation".
* In [[Bulgaria]], people born in the final years of communism and early years of capitalism (mid-1980s to mid-1990s) are known as "the children of the transition". They are believed to have had a difficult time adapting to the many changes in the country that occurred during the time they were growing into adulthood. Regime and economic changes and shifts from eastern to western cultural values and influences, among other factors, were things their parents, being from previous generations, could not prepare them for.{{No source|date=December 2022}}
* In the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]], the generation of people born in [[History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)|Czechoslovakia]] during the [[baby boom]] which started in the early 1970s, during the period of "[[Normalization (Czechoslovakia)|normalization]]" are called "[[Husák's Children|Husák's children]]". The generation was named after the President and long-term [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia|Communist]] leader of Czechoslovakia, [[Gustáv Husák]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/baby-boom-and-immigration-prop-up-czech-population/r~i:article:508527/|title=Baby boom and immigration prop up Czech population|date=2007-09-20|website=Aktuálně.cz|language=cs|access-date=2019-02-09|archive-date=9 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124216/https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/baby-boom-and-immigration-prop-up-czech-population/r~i:article:508527/|url-status=live}}</ref> This was due to his political program to boost the growth of population.
* In the [[China|People's Republic of China]], the "[[Post-80s]]" (Chinese: 八零后世代 or 八零后) (born-after-1980 generation) are those who were born in the 1980s in urban areas of mainland China. Growing up in modern China, the Post-80s has been characterised by its optimism for the future, newfound excitement for [[consumerism]] and [[entrepreneurship]] and acceptance of its historic role in transforming modern China into an [[World economy|economic]] power.<ref name="Yan 2006 255-262">{{cite journal|last=Yan|first=Yunxiang|title=Little Emperors or Frail Pragmatists? China's '80ers Generation.|journal=Current History|year=2006|volume=105|issue=692|pages=255–262|doi=10.1525/curh.2006.105.692.255 |doi-access=free}}</ref> There is also the similarly named "[[Post-90s]]" (Chinese: 九零后), those born in the post-[[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|Tiananmen]] era of the 1990s.<ref name="womenofchina.cn">{{cite web|url=http://www.womenofchina.cn/html/womenofchina/report/141532-1.htm|title=Post-90s Graduates Changing the Workplace|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jingdaily.com/brands-struggle-to-connect-with-chinas-post-90s-generation/19296/ |title=Brands Struggle To Connect With China's 'Post-90s' Generation |work=Jing Daily|date=2 July 2012 }}</ref> A broader generational classification would be the "one-child generation" born between the introduction of the [[one-child policy]] in 1980 and its softening into a "[[two-child policy]]" in 2013. The lack of siblings has had profound psychological effects on this generation, such as [[egoism]] due to always being at the centre of parents' attention as well as the stress of having to be the sole provider once the parents retire.
* People born post-1980s in [[Hong Kong]] are for the most part different from the same generation in mainland China.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=12&art_id=93121&sid=26708529&con_type=3&d_str=20100115&fc=4 |title=Post 80s rebels with a cause |newspaper=The Standard |first=Coleen |last=Lee |date=15 January 2010 |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629173954/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=12&art_id=93121&sid=26708529&con_type=3&d_str=20100115&fc=4 |archive-date=29 June 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> The term "[[Post-80s#Post-'80s in Hong Kong|Post-80s]]" <small>(zh: [[:zh:八十後 (香港)|八十後]])</small> came into use in [[Hong Kong]] between 2009 and 2010, particularly during the [[opposition to the Guangzhou-Hong Kong Express Rail Link]], during which a group of young activists came to the forefront of Hong Kong's political scene.<ref>Kwong wing-yuen (ed.), Zhan zai dan de yi bian, Xianggang bashihou, Hong Kong, UP Publications Limited, 2010, pp. 16–32.</ref> They are said to be "[[Post-materialism|post-materialist]]" in outlook, and they are particularly vocal in issues such as urban development, culture and heritage, and political reform. Their campaigns include the fight for the preservation of [[Lee Tung Street]], the Star Ferry Pier and the Queen's Pier, Choi Yuen Tsuen Village, real political reform (on 23 June), and a citizen-oriented Kowloon West Art district. Their discourse mainly develops around themes such as [[anti-colonialism]], [[sustainable development]], and democracy.
*In [[Hungary]], the re-criminalization of abortion and the childless-tax policies implemented by [[Anna Ratkó]] in the early-1950s resulted in a minor baby boom (roughly 1953–1956) known as the "Ratkó era" (''[[:hu:Ratkó-korszak]]'') or the "Ratkó children."<ref>Michelle Sawyer, [https://www.etd.ceu.edu/2010/sawyer_michelle.pdf Women’s Reproductive Rights under State Socialism In Hungary: The Ratkó Era, 1950-1956], Central European University, 2010</ref><ref>Erzsébet Földházi, [https://demografia.hu/en/publicationsonline/index.php/demographicportrait/article/download/893/655/658 Structure and Future of Hungary’s Population], in Monostori, J. - Őri, P. - Spéder, Zs. (eds.) ''Demographic Portrait of Hungary'' (HDRI, Budapest: 2015), 211–224</ref>
* In [[India]], generations tend to follow a pattern similar to the broad Western model, although there are still major differences, especially in the older generations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.harvardbusiness.org/erickson/2009/02/global_generations_focus_on_in.html |title=Generational Differences Between India and the U.S |publisher=Blogs.harvardbusiness.org |date=28 February 2009 |access-date=10 October 2010 |archive-date=25 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225230933/http://blogs.harvardbusiness.org/erickson/2009/02/global_generations_focus_on_in.html |url-status=live }}</ref> One interpretation sees [[Partition of India|India's independence]] in 1947 as India's major generational shift. People born in the 1930s and 1940s tended to be loyal to the new state and tended to adhere to "traditional" divisions of society. Indian "boomers", those born after independence and into the early 1960s, witnessed events like the [[Indian Emergency]] between 1975 and 1977 which made a number of them somewhat skeptical of the government.
* In [[Israel]], where most [[Ashkenazi Jews]] born before the end of [[World War II]] were [[Holocaust survivors]], children of survivors and people who survived as babies are sometimes referred to as the "second generation (of Holocaust survivors)" (Hebrew: דור שני לניצולי שואה, ''dor sheni lenitsolei shoah''; or more often just דור שני לשואה, ''dor sheni lashoah'', literally "second generation to the Holocaust"). This term is particularly common in the context of psychological, social, and political implications of the individual and national [[transgenerational trauma]] caused by [[the Holocaust]]. Some researchers have also found signs of trauma in third-generation Holocaust survivors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.5214219|title=New Israeli Study Finds Signs of Trauma in Grandchildren of Holocaust Survivors|date=2012-04-16|work=Haaretz|access-date=2019-02-26|archive-date=26 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172752/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5214219|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In [[Northern Ireland]], people born after the signing of the [[Good Friday Agreement]] in 1998, generally regarded as the end of [[the Troubles]], are colloquially known as "Peace Babies".
* In [[Norway]], the term "the dessert generation" has been applied to the baby boomers and every generation afterwards.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://snl.no/dessertgenerasjon | title=Dessertgenerasjon | date=25 November 2022 }}</ref>
* In [[Russia]], characteristics of Russian generations are determined by fateful historical events that significantly change either the foundations of the life of the country as a whole or the rules of life in a certain period of time. Names and given descriptions of Russian generations: the Generation of Winners,<ref>Tsvetkova G.A. Richly, beautifully, happily: the cultural strategies of everyday live "Generation Winners // Educational sciences – 2013 №6. {{ISSN|2072-2524}} [https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21516313] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218112002/https://elibrary.ru/item.asp%3Fid%3D21516313|date=18 December 2019}}.</ref> the generation of the [[Cold War]], the generation of [[Perestroika]], the first non-Soviet generation (the children of Perestroika, the Witnesses of Perestroika), the digital generation.<ref>Miroshkina M.R. "Interpretations of the Generations Theory in the Context of Russian Education" // ''Yaroslavl Pedagogical Herald'', 2017, №6 [https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interpretatsii-teorii-pokoleniy-v-kontekste-rossiyskogo-obrazovaniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218112005/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interpretatsii-teorii-pokoleniy-v-kontekste-rossiyskogo-obrazovaniya|date=18 December 2019}}.</ref>
* In [[Singapore]], people born before 1949 are referred to as the "[[Pioneer Generation Package|Pioneer Generation]]" for their contributions to Singapore during the nation's earliest years. Likewise, those born between 1950 and 1959 are referred to as the "[[Merdeka Generation Package|Merdeka Generation]]" as their formative years were during the [[Self-governance of Singapore|political turbulence of the 1950s to 1960s]] in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/270-million-in-medisave-top-ups-for-eligible-pioneer-generation-and-merdeka-generation|title=$270 million in Medisave top-ups for eligible Pioneer Generation and Merdeka Generation seniors in July|date=13 June 2019|publisher=The Straits Times|access-date=3 November 2019|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103224533/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/270-million-in-medisave-top-ups-for-eligible-pioneer-generation-and-merdeka-generation|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In [[South Africa]], people born after the [[1994 South African general election|1994 general election]], the first after [[apartheid]] was ended, are often referred to in media as the "born-free generation".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/south-africans-first-election-born-free-born-after-apartheid|title=South Africans vote in first election for 'born free' generation|first=David|last=Smith|work=The Guardian|date=8 May 2014|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051858/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/south-africans-first-election-born-free-born-after-apartheid|url-status=live}}</ref> People born after the year 2000 are often referred to as "Ama2000",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://siphosworld.wordpress.com/2019/12/31/ama2000-generation-z/|title=# Ama2000 – Generation Z|last=Malefane|first=Sipho|date=2019-12-31|website=Sipho's reflexions|access-date=2020-02-05|archive-date=5 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205080409/https://siphosworld.wordpress.com/2019/12/31/ama2000-generation-z/|url-status=live}}</ref> a term popularized by music and a Coca-Cola advert.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGV5pH5qITU|title=Summer Yama 2000 #RefreshWherevs|website=YouTube|access-date=5 February 2020|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421042456/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGV5pH5qITU&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In [[South Korea]], generational cohorts are often defined around the democratization of the country, with various schemes suggested including names such as the "democratization generation", [[386 generation]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/04/180_18529.html |title=Fiasco of 386 Generation |work=The Korea Times |access-date=10 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328184023/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/04/180_18529.html |archive-date=28 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref name="eastwest">{{cite web|url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/ |title=Shinsedae: Conservative Attitudes of a 'New Generation' in South Korea and the Impact on the Korean Presidential Election |publisher=Eastwestcenter.org |access-date=10 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915155227/http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/ |archive-date=15 September 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> (named after [[Intel 386]] computer in the 1990s to describe people in their late 30s and early 40s who were born in the 1960s, and attended university/college in the 1980s, also called the "June 3, 1987 generation"), that witnessed the June uprising, the "April 19 generation" (that struggled against the [[Syngman Rhee]] regime in 1960), the "June 3 generation" (that struggled against the normalization treaty with Japan in 1964), the "1969 generation" (that struggled against the constitutional revision allowing three presidential terms), and the ''shin-se-dae'' ("new") generation.<ref name="eastwest" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/NEWKHSITE/data/html_dir/2009/08/26/200908260078.asp |title=Social cohesion Ideological differences divide generations |newspaper=The Korea Herald |date=26 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205154755/http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/NEWKHSITE/data/html_dir/2009/08/26/200908260078.asp |archive-date=5 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Jip | first=Choi Jang | title=Democratization, Civil Society, and the Civil Social Movement in Korea | journal=Korea Journal | volume=40 | issue=3 | date=2019-05-15 | issn=1225-4576 | pages=26–57 | url=https://www.ekoreajournal.net/sysLib/down.php?file=..%2FUPLOAD%2FT_articles%2FPDF4033 | access-date=2019-08-23}}</ref> The term ''Shin-se-dae generation'' refers to the generation following Millennials in the Korean language. The ''Shin-se-dae generation'' are mostly free from ideological or political bias.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sun Young|first1=Park|title=Shinsedae: Conservative Attitudes of a 'New Generation' in South Korea and the Impact on the Korean Presidential Election|url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/ |department=East-West Centre|publisher=Hankook Ilbo|access-date=22 May 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915155227/http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/|archive-date=15 September 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* In [[Sweden]], it is common to talk about people based on the decades of their births: "40-talist" (a person that was born in the 1940s), "50-talist" (a person that was born in the 1950s), etc.
* In [[Taiwan]], the term [[Strawberry generation]] refers to Taiwanese people born after 1981 who "bruise easily" like strawberries—meaning they can not withstand social pressure or work hard like their parents' generation; the term refers to people who are insubordinate, spoiled, selfish, arrogant, and sluggish in work.
* In [[Turkey]], it is common to talk about people based on the decades of the time they were teens.
* In [[Spain]], although in general terms there is a certain assimilation to the generational structure of Strauss and Howe (and uncritically the majority of the media use it), there are substantial differentials, for historical reasons that (as established by the Generations theory) have marked the successive age cohorts in the Century XX. Firstly, neutrality during the First World War, which prevented it from suffering that social and cultural impact. Secondly, the Civil War and the subsequent dictatorship, which lasted four decades and, especially during its first decades, imposed strong political, social and cultural repression. And thirdly, neutrality during World War II. Thus, the sociologists [[Artemio Baigorri]] and [[Manuela Caballero]] insert, between the Silent Generation and the Baby Boom Generation (which they also call the Protest Generation), what they call the Franco Generation (1929–1943), whose childhood and early youth was marked by war, post-war scarcity and repression.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Glocalising the theory of generations: The case of Spain|last1=Caballero|first1=Manuela|last2=Baigorri|first2=Artemio|journal=Time & Society|volume=28|issue=1|pages=333–357|doi=10.1177/0961463X18783374|year=2019}}</ref>