Christian theology

===Biblical canon===
{{Main| Biblical canon|Christian biblical canons|Development of the Christian biblical canon
|Development of the New Testament canon}}
{{Further| Development of the Hebrew Bible canon|Development of the Old Testament canon}}

The content of the [[Protestant Bible|Protestant Old Testament]] is the same as the [[Development of the Hebrew Bible canon|Hebrew Bible canon]], with changes in the division and order of books, but the [[Catholic Bible|Catholic Old Testament]] contains additional texts, known as the [[deuterocanonical books]]. Protestants recognize 39 books in their Old Testament canon, while Roman Catholic and [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christians]] recognize 46 books as canonical.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} Both Catholics and Protestants use the same 27-book New Testament canon.

Early Christians used the [[Septuagint]], a [[Koine]] Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures. Christianity subsequently endorsed various additional writings that would become the New Testament. In the 4th century a series of [[synod]]s, most notably the [[Synod of Hippo]] in AD 393, produced a list of texts equal to the 46-book canon of the Old Testament that Catholics use today (and the 27-book canon of the New Testament that all use). A definitive list did not come from any [[First seven ecumenical councils|early ecumenical council]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03274a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Canon of the New Testament] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118034449/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03274a.htm |date=18 January 2019 }}: "The idea of a complete and clear-cut canon of the New Testament existing from the beginning, that is from Apostolic times, has no foundation in history."</ref> Around 400, [[Jerome]] produced the [[Vulgate]], a definitive Latin edition of the Bible, the contents of which, at the insistence of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]], accorded with the decisions of the earlier synods. This process effectively set the New Testament canon, although examples exist of other canonical lists in use after this time.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

During the 16th-century [[Protestant Reformation]] certain reformers proposed different canonical lists of the Old Testament. The texts which appear in the Septuagint but not in the Jewish canon fell out of favor, and eventually disappeared from Protestant canons. Catholic Bibles classify these texts as deuterocanonical books, whereas Protestant contexts label them as the [[biblical apocrypha|Apocrypha]].