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PreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text==Activism and philanthropy== [[File:Vladimir Putin 21 July 2001-13.jpg|thumb|right|Bono with heads of government [[Tony Blair]] and [[Vladimir Putin]], and musician/activist [[Bob Geldof]] in 2001]] Bono has been involved in philanthropy and activism for [[human rights]] and [[social justice]] causes, both as a member of U2 and as an individual. He explained that he was motivated to become involved in social and political causes by seeing one of the ''[[The Secret Policeman's Ball|Secret Policeman's Ball]]'' benefit shows, staged by [[Monty Python]] member [[John Cleese]] and producer [[Martin Lewis (humorist)|Martin Lewis]] for the human-rights organisation [[Amnesty International]] in 1979.<ref name=10202006Boyd>Boyd, B. (20 October 2006). [https://www.irishtimes.com/theticket/articles/2006/1020/1160606784745.html "A secret history of the old Ball game"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''[[The Irish Times]]''. Retrieved 4 July 2007.</ref> Bono stated, "I saw ''The Secret Policeman's Ball'' and it became a part of me. It sowed a seed...".<ref>{{cite news |title=50 years of working with celebrities: comedy |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/24000/act300752011en.pdf |access-date=21 August 2019 |agency=Amnesty International |archive-date=21 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821090426/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/24000/act300752011en.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1984, musician [[Bob Geldof]] enlisted Bono to participate in the [[Band Aid (band)|Band Aid]] charity single "[[Do They Know It's Christmas?]]";<ref name=1985NYT>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/21/arts/music-becomes-food-for-the-hungry.html|title=Music Becomes Food for the Hungry |newspaper=The New York Times|first=Robert|last=Palmer|date=21 April 1985|page=60|edition=National}}</ref> Bono reprised his singing role for the 2004 [[Band Aid 20]] and 2014 [[Band Aid 30]] singles of the same name. In July 1985, U2 performed at the [[Live Aid]] charity concert, which was organised by Geldof to benefit the [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|Ethiopian famine]];<ref name=1985PDN>{{cite news|title=Bob Geldof|newspaper=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]|first=Mary|last=Flannery|date=15 July 1985|page=L15}}</ref> he and Bono later collaborated to organise the 20th anniversary [[Live 8]] concerts in 2005, at which U2 also performed.<ref name=05312005RollingStone>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/dmb-u2-lead-live-8-shows-187372/|title=DMB, U2 Lead Live 8 Shows|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|first=David|last=Wolinsky|date=31 May 2005|access-date=9 March 2021}}p</ref> [[File:LulaAndBonoVox.jpeg|thumb|right|Bono with then-President [[Lula da Silva]] of Brazil in 2006]] From September to October 1985, Bono and his wife Ali Hewson made a humanitarian visit to Africa, spending a month working at a feeding center in Ajibar, Ethiopia.<ref name="mcg89">McGee (2008), pp. 89–91</ref> Along with other volunteers, they developed an educational programme consisting of songs and one-act plays to teach Ethiopian children important information about issues such as health and hygiene.<ref name="mcc167">McCormick (2006), pp. 167–169</ref> During the trip, he also became aware of the corruption, trade agreements, and debts that were all claimed to be contributing factors to the famine and poverty in Africa.<ref name="mcc167"/> The trip was cited as fueling Bono's passion for African issues that would come to characterise his future philanthropic and activist efforts.<ref name="mcg89"/><ref name="mcc167"/> In 1986, Bono and U2 performed on Amnesty International's [[A Conspiracy of Hope Tour|Conspiracy of Hope Tour]] of benefit concerts in the United States,<ref name=Time1986>{{cite magazine|title=Conspiracy of Hope Tour|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=23 June 1986|first=Cathy|last=Booth|volume=127|issue=25}}</ref> alongside musicians such as [[Sting (musician)|Sting]] and [[Bryan Adams]]. [[File:Bush and Bono.jpg|thumb|left|Bono and then-U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] in 2006]] Since 1999, Bono has become increasingly involved with raising awareness of the plight of Africa and campaigning on its behalf. From 1999 to 2000, Bono was involved with the [[Jubilee 2000]] coalition, working as an activist on its [[Drop the Debt]] campaign. He met with [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] [[Lawrence Summers]], and with U.S. Republican politicians such as [[Jesse Helms]], [[John Kasich]], [[Orrin Hatch]], [[J. Dennis Hastert]], and [[Dick Armey]] in an effort to secure bipartisan support for the U.S. forgiving the [[debt of developing countries]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-07-cl-9258-story.html|title=The Rock Star, the Pope and the World's Poor|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|first=Jonathan|last=Peterson|date=7 January 2001|pages=E1, E3–E4|access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref> He has met with several influential politicians, including former U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] and former Canadian Prime Minister [[Paul Martin]].<ref name=GuardianStory>Denny, C., & Black, I. (15 March 2002). [https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,3604,667739,00.html US and Europe boost aid to poorest countries]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 14 January 2007.</ref> During a March 2002 visit to the White House, Bono lobbied Bush to provide financial assistance to developing countries.<ref name=GuardianStory /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/bono-meets-bush-194801/|title=Bono Meets Bush|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|first=Christina|last=Saraceno|date=15 March 2002|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref> The following year, Bush signed legislation authorising the [[President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief]] program,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna52025248|title=PEPFAR: Celebrating 10 years working toward AIDS-free generation|website=[[NBC News]]|first=Michele|last=Richinick|date=28 May 2013|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref> which has been credited with saving 17 million lives over its lifetime.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/PEPFAR-Overall-Fact-Sheet-2019.pdf|title=The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief 2019|website=[[state.gov]]|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref> Bush told Bono that the initiative "never would have made it out of [[United States Congress|Congress]] had [Bono] not been engaged".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bono-awarded-george-w-bush-medal-for-distinguished-leadership-for-aids-work-628265/|title=Bono Awarded George W. Bush Medal for Distinguished Leadership for AIDS Work|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|first=Daniel|last=Kreps|date=20 April 2018|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref> [[File:The DATA report 2007 press conference with Bono, Herbert Groenemeyer, Bob Geldof, Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (499523155).jpg|thumb|Bono at a 2007 press conference for his NGO [[DATA]]]] The advocacy [[non-government organisation]] (NGO) [[DATA]] (Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa) was established in 2002 by Bono and [[Bobby Shriver]], along with activists from Drop the Debt.<ref name=DATA>{{cite web|url=http://www.data.org/about/mission.html|title=debt AIDS trade africa|work=ONE|access-date=22 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121050436/http://www2.data.org/about/mission.html|archive-date=21 November 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The organisation was funded by the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], [[George Soros]], and [[Edward W. Scott]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,1142270-1,00.html|title=The Constant Charmer|magazine=Time |first=Josh|last=Tyrangiel|author-link=Josh Tyrangiel|date=26 December 2005 – 2 January 2006|volume=166|issue=26|pages=46–50, 55, 57, 59–60, 62|access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref> In 2004, Bono and Shriver co-founded the [[One Campaign]], with the aim of eliminating [[extreme poverty]] and disease in Africa by building citizen support.<ref name="data-one-merge">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bono-campaign/bonos-u-s-based-anti-poverty-groups-to-merge-idUSN2953856520071029|title=Bono's U.S.-based anti-poverty groups to merge|website=[[Reuters]]|date=29 October 2007|access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="rs-one-2018">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bono-one-campaign-economic-club-chicago-dinner-766263/|title=Bono Wants His Charity to Be 'the NRA For the World's Poor'|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|first=Althea|last=Legaspi|date=7 December 2018|access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref> The organisation received a $3 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.one.org/us/press/one-receives-3-million-from-bill-melinda-gates-foundation/|title=ONE Receives $3 Million from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|publisher=[[One Campaign|One.org]]|date=4 December 2004|access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref> In 2006, Bono and Shriver collaborated again to found (Red), an organization that licenses the [[Product Red]] brand to partner companies to raise money for [[the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria]]. Each company creates a product with the Product Red logo, and a percentage of the profits from the sale of these labelled products benefit the Global Fund.<ref>Smykil, J. (4 November 2006). Update: The Other Red <s>meat</s> "charity". Message posted to [https://arstechnica.com/journals/apple.ars/2006/11/4/5856 arstechnica.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821163938/http://arstechnica.com/journals/apple.ars/2006/11/4/5856 |date=21 August 2008 }}; Macintouch Reader Reports. (7 November 2006). ''Fraud Reports: Jack Campbell''. Retrieved 14 January 2007, from [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928103227/http://www.macintouch.com/readerreports/fraudreports/topic4449.html macintouch.com].</ref> Partner companies include [[American Express]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Converse (company)|Converse]], [[Motorola]], [[Microsoft]], [[Dell]], [[Gap (clothing retailer)|The Gap]], [[Giorgio Armani S.p.A.|Giorgio Armani]],<ref name=ProductRED>Persuaders, LLC. (2007). [http://www.joinred.com/red/ ''What RED Is, How RED Works''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704132255/http://www.joinred.com/red/ |date=4 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007.</ref><ref name=ProductREDProducts>Persuaders, LLC. (2007). [http://www.joinred.com/products/ ''Products''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703065400/http://www.joinred.com/products/ |date=3 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007.</ref> [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]], and [[Starbucks]]; Bono was involved with securing most of Red's corporate partners.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://fortune.com/longform/bono-u2-one/|title=The World's 50 Greatest Leaders – No. 14 Bono: I Will Follow|magazine=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|first=Ellen|last=McGirt|date=April 2016|volume=173|issue=5|pages=94–105|access-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827184402/https://fortune.com/longform/bono-u2-one/|archive-date=27 August 2019|url-access=limited}}</ref> In October 2007, it was announced that DATA and One Campaign would merge in the United States and that the new organization would be known simply as One.<ref name="data-one-merge"/> Red currently operates as a sister organisation of One.<ref name="rs-one-2018"/> As of December 2018, One has 10 million members, 3 million of whom are in Africa.<ref name="rs-one-2018"/> As of December 2020, Red has generated $650 million to support HIV/AIDS grants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/music/news/red-mavin-remix-competition-ladipoe-1234842604/|title=(RED), Mavin Records Unveil Partnership, Remix Competition With Ladipoe Single|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Jem|last=Aswad|date=1 December 2020|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> In 2023, Bono announced he would leave the board of directors of the One Campaign at the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.devex.com/news/bono-to-leave-one-campaign-board-at-end-of-the-year-105315|title=Bono to leave ONE Campaign board at end of the year|website=[[Devex]]|first=Michael|last=Igoe|date=11 April 2023|access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref> In 2005, Bono recorded a version of "[[Don't Give Up (Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush song)|Don't Give Up]]" with [[Alicia Keys]], with proceeds going to [[Keep a Child Alive]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/10269863|title= Alicia Keys, Bono to raise funds with AIDS song|agency= Associated Press|date= 2 December 2005|access-date= 13 February 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110810205529/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/10269863|archive-date= 10 August 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref> [[File:Bono and Al Gore 2008.jpg|thumb|right|Bono with [[Al Gore]] at the 2008 [[World Economic Forum]] annual meeting in [[Davos]]]] Bono has spoken at numerous events on behalf of his activist efforts. He spoke at the 54th Annual [[National Prayer Breakfast]] on 2 February 2006, encouraging the care of the socially and economically depressed and calling for an extra one percent [[tithe]] of the United States' national budget.<ref name=NationalPrayerBreakfast>Bono. (February 2006). ''Remarks at the [[The Family (Christian political organization)|National Prayer Breakfast]].'' Speech presented at [[Washington Hilton|Hilton Washington Hotel]] at Washington, DC.</ref> He has made multiple appearances at the [[World Economic Forum]] annual meeting in [[Davos]], Switzerland.<ref>McGee (2008), p. 244</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110712574657740483|title=Hollywood Goes to Davos; Celebrities Attend World Economic Forum and, in Some Cases, Steal the Show|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|first=Alan|last=Friedman|date=31 January 2005|page=B2|access-date=16 March 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/23/business/23davos.html|title=Anxiety Crashes the Party at Davos|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Mark|last=Landler|date=23 January 2008|page=C1|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jan/23/bono-davos-hiv-aids-aid-spending-global-health|title=Bono: western world turning its back on HIV fight|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|first=Larry|last=Elliott|date=25 January 2019|page=16|access-date=16 March 2021}}</ref> [[File:Bono at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Bono at the 2009 [[Tribeca Film Festival]]]] Bono was a special guest editor of the July 2007 issue of ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' magazine, named "The Africa Issue: Politics & Power". It featured an assortment of 20 different covers, with photographs by [[Annie Leibovitz]] of a number of celebrities, political leaders, and philanthropists, each showcasing their contributions to the humanitarian relief in Africa.<ref>[https://www.vanityfair.com/politics/africa/ "The Africa Issue: Politics & Power"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005012812/http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/africa |date=5 October 2007 }}, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' July 2007. The concept behind the 20 covers was termed as to represent a "visual chain letter". The covers feature [[Don Cheadle]], [[Barack Obama]], [[Muhammad Ali]], Bono, [[Queen Rania]] of Jordan, [[Condoleezza Rice]], [[George W. Bush]], [[Desmond Tutu]], [[Brad Pitt]], [[Djimon Hounsou]], [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], [[Maya Angelou]], [[Chris Rock]], [[Warren Buffett]], [[Bill Gates]], [[Melinda Gates]], [[Oprah Winfrey]], [[George Clooney]], [[Jay-Z]], [[Alicia Keys]], and [[Iman Abdulmajid]].</ref> In 2021, Bono lent his voice to One's animated series ''Pandemica'', which was created to raise awareness of the importance of vaccines in ending the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and the [[Health equity|inequalities]] in worldwide vaccine availability.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/rambling-reporter/bono-penelope-cruz-david-oyelowo-and-kumail-nanjiani-lend-voices-to-pro-vaccine-animated-series-pandemica|title=Bono, Penelope Cruz, David Oyelowo and Kumail Nanjiani Lend Voices to Pro-Vaccine Animated Series 'Pandemica'|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Chris|last=Gardner|date=25 March 2021|access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref> In 2022, Bono supported Ukraine's resistance to [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|being invaded by Russia]]. A poem written by Bono about [[Saint Patrick]] and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine was recited by [[Nancy Pelosi]] at a White House event for [[Saint Patrick's Day]], on 17 March 2022. The poem was widely derided by the public.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/nancy-pelosi-bono-poem-ukraine-b2038307.html|title=Pelosi ridiculed for reading a Bono poem about Ukraine at lawmakers' lunch|last=Kilander|first=Gustaf|work=The Independent|date=17 March 2022|access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/don-t-read-it-ireland-reacts-to-bono-s-st-patrick-s-day-ukraine-poem-1.4830334|title='Don't read it': Ireland reacts to Bono's St Patrick's Day Ukraine poem|last=Capplis|first=Conor|publisher=The Irish Times|date=18 March 2022|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sundayworld.com/news/irish-news/bonos-poem-about-russia-ukraine-conflict-is-torn-apart-on-twitter-41460549.html|title=WORD FAIL Bono's poem about Russia Ukraine conflict is torn apart on Twitter - Is this literally the worst poem ever written?|last=Fetherstonhaugh|first=Neil|publisher=Sunday World|date=18 March 2022|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/craic/bono-st-patricks-day-poem|title=Irish Twitter calls for sanctions against Bono for his St. Patrick's Day poem|publisher=Irish Central|date=18 March 2022|access-date=20 March 2022}}</ref> In early April, Bono and the Edge recorded an acoustic rendition of "[[Walk On (U2 song)|Walk On]]" for [[Global Citizen (organization)|Global Citizen]]'s Stand Up for Ukraine livestream, which was organised to urge world leaders to raise funds for [[2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis|Ukrainian refugees]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/u2-springteen-kacey-musgraves-stand-up-for-ukraine-livestream-global-citizen-1335347/|title=See U2, Springsteen, Kacey Musgraves 'Stand Up for Ukraine' on Livestream|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|first=Daniel|last=Kreps|date=9 April 2022|access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> On 8 May 2022, as a show of solidarity for Ukrainians and at the invitation of Ukrainian president [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]], Bono and the Edge performed in a [[Kyiv]] metro station that was being used as a makeshift bomb shelter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/watch-u2s-bono-and-the-edge-perform-in-kyiv-bomb-shelter/|title=Watch U2's Bono and the Edge Perform in Kyiv Bomb Shelter|website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|first=Madison|last=Bloom|date=8 May 2022|access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> ===Efficacy and analysis=== [[File:Bono with Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|Bono meeting with then-US President [[Barack Obama]] in 2010]] Bono has become one of the world's best-known philanthropic performers and was named the most politically effective celebrity of all time by the ''[[National Journal]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.nationaljournal.com/s/636468/nj-20|title=The NJ 20|magazine=[[National Journal]]|first=Ronald|last=Brownstein|author-link=Ron Brownstein|date=28 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502212123/http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/the-nj-20-the-most-politically-effective-celebrities-of-all-time-20110428|archive-date=2 May 2011|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>Michael Anft, Brennen Jensen, and Ian Wilhelm, [http://philanthropy.com/free/articles/v18/i20/20000601.htm "Voicing Support for Charity"], ''The Chronicle of Philanthropy'' 3 August 2006.</ref><ref>Dean Goodman, "Hollywood Hails U2's Bono for Philanthropy", ''Reuters New Media'' 15 February 2002 {{cite web|url=http://www.aegis.org/news/re/2002/RE020220.html |title=AEGiS-Reuters: Hollywood Hails U2's Bono for Philanthropy |access-date=5 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222084411/http://www.aegis.org/news/re/2002/RE020220.html |archive-date=22 December 2007 }}</ref> He has been dubbed "the face of fusion philanthropy",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/13/us/13bono.html |title=Paul Hewson, Trying to Throw His Arms Around the World |newspaper=The New York Times|first=Tom Jr.|last=Zeller|date=13 November 2006|page=F16}}</ref> both for his success enlisting powerful allies from a diverse spectrum of leaders in government, religious institutions, philanthropic organisations, popular media, and the business world, as well as for spearheading new organizational networks that bind global humanitarian relief with geopolitical activism and corporate commercial enterprise.<ref name="time-samaritans">{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,1142278,00.html|title=The Good Samaritans|magazine=Time |first=Nancy|last=Gibbs|date=26 December 2005 – 2 January 2006|volume=166|issue=26|pages=24–31|access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> On 15 December 2005, [[Paul Theroux]] published an op-ed in ''The New York Times'' called "The Rock Star's Burden" (cf. [[Rudyard Kipling|Kipling's]] "[[The White Man's Burden]]") that criticised stars such as Bono, [[Brad Pitt]], and [[Angelina Jolie]], labelling them as "[[mythomaniac]]s, people who wish to convince the world of their worth." Theroux, who lived in Africa as a [[Peace Corps]] volunteer, added that "the impression that Africa is fatally troubled and [[White savior|can be saved only by outside help]]—not to mention celebrities and charity concerts—is a destructive and misleading conceit."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/15/opinion/the-rock-stars-burden.html|title=The Rock Star's Burden|newspaper=The New York Times |first=Paul|last=Theroux|date=15 December 2005|page=A35|access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref> In February 2006, Bono responded to his critics by calling them "cranks carping from the sidelines. A lot of them wouldn't know what to do if they were on the field. They're the party who will always be in opposition so they'll never have to take responsibility for decisions because they know they'll never be able to implement them."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/michka-assayas-meets-bono-k3sd5brtx0f|title=Michka Assayas meets Bono|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=19 February 2006|first=Michka|last=Assayas|author-link=Michka Assayas|access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref> In an article in Bloomberg Markets in March 2007, journalists [[Richard Tomlinson]] and Fergal O'Brien noted that Bono used his band's 2006 Vertigo world tour to promote his ONE Campaign while at the same time "U2 was racking up $389 million in gross ticket receipts, making Vertigo the second-most lucrative tour of all time, according to Billboard magazine ... Revenue from the Vertigo tour is funnelled through companies that are mostly registered in Ireland and structured to minimise taxes."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/marketsmag/bono.pdf|title=Bloomberg Markets, "Bono Inc", March 2007|publisher=Bloomberg.com|access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref> Further criticism came in November 2007, when Bono's various charity campaigns were targeted by Jobs Selasie, head of African Aid Action. Selasie claimed that these charities had increased corruption and dependency in Africa because they failed to work with African entrepreneurs and grassroots organisations, and as a result, Africa has become more dependent on international handouts.<ref name="nme africa charities" /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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