19th century

=== Decline of the Ottoman Empire ===
{{main|Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire}}
[[File:Ibrahim_Pasha_During_his_Final_Years.jpg|alt=Ibrahim_Pasha_During_his_Final_Years|thumb|[[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt|Ibrahim Pasha]] of [[Egypt]], leader of the [[Egyptian Army]] in [[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aksan |first=Virginia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UaesAgAAQBAJ&q=Egyptian%E2%80%93Ottoman+War |title=Ottoman Wars, 1700–1870: An Empire Besieged |date=2014-01-14 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-88403-3 |language=en}}</ref>|252x252px]]

In 1830, [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] became the first country to break away from the [[Ottoman Empire]] after the [[Greek War of Independence]]. In 1831, the [[Bosnian uprising (1831–1832)|Bosnian Uprising]] against Ottoman rule occurred. In 1817, the [[Principality of Serbia]] became [[Suzerainty|suzerain]] from the Ottoman Empire, and in 1867, it passed a constitution that defined its independence from the Ottoman Empire. In 1831, The [[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)|First Egyptian–Ottoman War]] (1831–1833) occurred, between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt brought about by [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali Pasha's]] demand to the Sublime Porte for control of Greater Syria, as reward for aiding the Sultan during the Greek War of Independence. As a result, Egyptian forces temporarily gained control of Syria, advancing as far north as [[Kütahya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Westera |first=Rick |title=Historical Atlas of Europe (17 February 1832): First Egyptian-Ottoman War |url=https://omniatlas.com/maps/europe/18320217/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Omniatlas |language=en}}</ref> In 1876, [[Bulgarians]] instigated the [[April Uprising of 1876|April Uprising]] against Ottoman rule. Following the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russo-Turkish War]], the [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]] recognized the formal independence of the Serbia, [[Principality of Montenegro|Montenegro]], and [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]]. [[Principality of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] became autonomous.