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Do not fill this in! == Features == === Video technology === YouTube primarily uses the [[VP9]] and [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC]] video codecs, and the [[Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP]] protocol.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barman |first1=Nabajeet |last2=Martini |first2=Maria G. |title=2017 Ninth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) |chapter=H.264/MPEG-AVC, H.265/MPEG-HEVC and VP9 codec comparison for live gaming video streaming |date=May 2017 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1109/QoMEX.2017.7965686 |isbn=978-1-5386-4024-1 |s2cid=28395957}}</ref> [[MPEG-4 Part 2]] streams contained within [[3GP and 3G2|3GP]] containers are also provided for low bandwidth connections.<ref name="codec list">{{cite web |year=2018 |title=Youtube video/audio codec list |url=https://gist.github.com/sidneys/7095afe4da4ae58694d128b1034e01e2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911001956/https://gist.github.com/sidneys/7095afe4da4ae58694d128b1034e01e2 |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |website=[[GitHub]] }} [https://etched.page/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgist.github.com%2Fsidneys%2F7095afe4da4ae58694d128b1034e01e2 Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911015234/https://etched.page/?url=https://gist.github.com/sidneys/7095afe4da4ae58694d128b1034e01e2 |date=September 11, 2021 }}</ref> By January 2019, YouTube had begun rolling out videos in [[AV1]] format.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyqf6gJt7KuHBmeVzZteZUlNUQAVLwrZS |title=AV1 Beta Launch Playlist |via=YouTube |access-date=January 14, 2019 |archive-date=February 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216145744/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyqf6gJt7KuHBmeVzZteZUlNUQAVLwrZS |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021 it was reported that the company was considering requiring AV1 in streaming hardware in order to decrease bandwidth and increase quality.<ref>{{cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=January 27, 2021 |title=YouTube may require AV1 support in the future |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/01/27/youtube-av1-netflix-requirement/ |access-date=May 5, 2021 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US |archive-date=April 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414062701/https://9to5google.com/2021/01/27/youtube-av1-netflix-requirement/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Video is usually streamed alongside the [[Opus (audio format)|Opus]] and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] audio codecs.<ref name="codec list" /> At launch in 2005, viewing YouTube videos on a personal computer required the [[Adobe Flash Player]] plug-in to be installed in the browser.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flash moves on to smart phones |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8287239.stm |access-date=November 30, 2009 |date=October 5, 2009 |first=Jonathan |last=Fildes |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008233844/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8287239.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2010, YouTube launched an experimental version of the site that used the built-in multimedia capabilities of Web browsers supporting the [[HTML5]] standard.<ref name="ditches Flash">{{cite web |last=Protalinski |first=Emil |date=January 27, 2015 |title=YouTube ditches Flash for HTML5 video by default |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/01/27/youtube-ditches-flash-for-html5-video-by-default/ |access-date=May 5, 2021 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=May 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505173316/https://venturebeat.com/2015/01/27/youtube-ditches-flash-for-html5-video-by-default/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player or any other plug-in to be installed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.downloadsquad.com/2009/11/08/html5-youtube-viewer-close-but-not-quite-there/ |title=HTML5 YouTube viewer: close, but not quite there |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091110003012/https://www.downloadsquad.com/2009/11/08/html5-youtube-viewer-close-but-not-quite-there/ |archive-date=November 10, 2009 |access-date=December 1, 2017}}</ref> On January 27, 2015, YouTube announced that HTML5 would be the default playback method on [[HTML5 video support|supported browsers]].<ref name="ditches Flash" /> HTML5 video streams use [[Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP]] (MPEG-DASH), an HTTP-based adaptive bit-rate streaming solution optimizes the bitrate and quality for the available network.<ref>{{cite web |first=Rajeev |last=Tiwari |url=https://streamingcodecs.blogspot.hu/2013/01/mpeg-dash-support-in-youtube.html |title=Streaming Media and RTOS: MPEG-DASH Support in Youtube |publisher=Streamingcodecs.blogspot.hu |date=January 3, 2013 |access-date=March 13, 2014 |archive-date=March 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303041133/http://streamingcodecs.blogspot.hu/2013/01/mpeg-dash-support-in-youtube.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The platform can serve videos at optionally lower resolution levels starting at 144p for smoothening playback in areas and countries with limited [[Internet speed]]s, improving compatibility, as well as for the preservation of limited cellular [[data plan]]s. The resolution can be adjusted automatically based on detected connection speed or set manually.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/91449?hl=en |title=Change the quality of your video – YouTube Help |publisher=Google Inc. |access-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115130/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/91449?hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Conner |first1=Katie |date=July 1, 2019 |title=Make YouTube videos sharper or load faster |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/change-the-quality-of-youtube-videos-on-your-phone-tv-and-laptop/ |publisher=CNET |language=en |access-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115130/https://www.cnet.com/how-to/change-the-quality-of-youtube-videos-on-your-phone-tv-and-laptop/ |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2008 to 2017, users could add "annotations" to their videos, such as pop-up text messages and hyperlinks, which allowed for [[interactive video]]s. By 2019, all annotations had been removed from videos, breaking some videos that depended on the feature. YouTube introduced standardized [[Widget (GUI)|widgets]] intended to replace annotations in a cross-platform manner, including "end screens" (a customizable array of thumbnails for specified videos displayed near the end of the video).<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube launches mobile-friendly "End Screens" feature to keep viewers watching more video |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/10/26/youtube-launches-mobile-friendly-end-screens-feature-to-keep-viewers-watching-more-video/ |access-date=January 14, 2019 |website=TechCrunch |date=October 26, 2016 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316035117/https://techcrunch.com/2016/10/26/youtube-launches-mobile-friendly-end-screens-feature-to-keep-viewers-watching-more-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Porter |first=Jon |date=November 27, 2018 |title=YouTube annotations will disappear for good in January |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/27/18114581/youtube-annotations-discontinued-january-2019 |access-date=January 14, 2019 |website=The Verge |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316035117/https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/27/18114581/youtube-annotations-discontinued-january-2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Statt |first=Nick |date=March 16, 2017 |title=YouTube to discontinue video annotations because they never worked on mobile |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/16/14953756/youtube-annotations-feature-discontinue-cards-end-screens |access-date=January 14, 2019 |website=The Verge |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316035125/https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/16/14953756/youtube-annotations-feature-discontinue-cards-end-screens |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, YouTube became an [[International Standard Name Identifier]] (ISNI) registry, and announced its intention to begin creating ISNI identifiers to uniquely identify the musicians whose videos it features.<ref name="ISNIYouTube1">{{cite web |title=YouTube Adopts ISNI ID for Artists & Songwriters |url=https://www.isni.org/content/youtube-adopts-isni-id-artists-songwriters |access-date=June 1, 2018 |publisher=ISNI |archive-date=June 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601234147/http://www.isni.org/content/youtube-adopts-isni-id-artists-songwriters |url-status=live }}</ref> Users can verify their account, normally through a mobile phone, to gain the ability to upload videos up to 12 hours in length, as well as produce live streams.<ref name="videolength">[https://www.google.com/support/youtube/bin/answer.py?answer=71673 "Upload videos longer than 15 minutes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102025406/http://www.google.com/support/youtube/bin/answer.py?answer=71673 |date=November 2, 2011 }} YouTube Help. Retrieved July 15, 2017.</ref><ref name="intro to live">[https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2474026? "Introduction to live streaming"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010094743/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2474026 |date=October 10, 2017 }} YouTube Help. Retrieved September 22, 2017.</ref> Users who have built sufficient channel history and have a good track record of complying with the site's Community Guidelines will also gain access to these aforementioned features as well.<ref>[https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9891124#channelhistory "Unlock access to intermediate and advanced features"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519090608/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9891124#channelhistory |date=May 19, 2023 }} YouTube Help. Retrieved May 19, 2023.</ref> When YouTube was launched in 2005, it was possible to upload longer videos, but a 10-minute limit was introduced in March 2006 after YouTube found that the majority of videos exceeding this length were unauthorized uploads of television shows and films.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ken |last=Fisher |title=YouTube caps video lengths to reduce infringement |url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2006/03/6481-2/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |date=March 29, 2006 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226200136/https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2006/03/6481-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The 10-minute limit was increased to 15 minutes in July 2010.<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Lowensohn |title=YouTube bumps video limit to 15 minutes |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-bumps-video-limit-to-15-minutes/ |publisher=[[CNET]] |date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308013646/https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-bumps-video-limit-to-15-minutes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Videos can be at most 256 [[gigabyte|GB]] in size or 12 hours, whichever is less.<ref name="videolength" /> {{Anchor|closed captioning}}{{As of|2021}}, automatic [[Closed captioning|closed captions]] using [[speech recognition]] technology when a video is uploaded are available in 13 languages, and can be [[machine translation|machine-translated]] during playback.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.androidheadlines.com/2021/05/youtube-automatic-translation-feature.html |title=YouTube Automatic Translation Feature Rolls Out For Some Users |date=May 6, 2021 |website=Android Headlines |first=Vinay |last=Patel |access-date=December 8, 2021 |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407034654/https://www.androidheadlines.com/2021/05/youtube-automatic-translation-feature.html |url-status=live }}</ref> YouTube also offers manual closed captioning as part of its creator studio.<ref name="captioning">{{cite web |title=Adding Captions to YouTube Videos |publisher=[[University of Washington]] |url=https://www.washington.edu/accessibility/videos/youtube/ |access-date=September 4, 2016 |author-link=University of Washington |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911154901/http://www.washington.edu/accessibility/videos/youtube/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> YouTube formerly offered a 'Community Captions' feature, where viewers could write and submit captions for public display upon approval by the video uploader, but this was deprecated in September 2020.<ref name="community captions">{{cite web |title=Saying Goodbye to YouTube's Community Contributions feature after September 28, 2020 |publisher=Google Inc. |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/thread/61967856?hl=en |access-date=June 8, 2022 |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422085739/https://support.google.com/youtube/thread/61967856?hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> YouTube accepts the most common [[Digital container format|container formats]], including [[MP4 file format|MP4]], [[Matroska]], [[Flash Video|FLV]], [[Audio Video Interleave|AVI]], [[WebM]], [[3GP and 3G2|3GP]], [[MPEG program stream|MPEG-PS]], and the [[QuickTime File Format]]. Some intermediate video formats (i.e., primarily used for professional video editing, not for final delivery or storage) are also accepted, such as [[Apple ProRes|ProRes]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Supported YouTube file formats – YouTube Help |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/troubleshooter/2888402?hl=en |access-date=November 24, 2020 |publisher=Google Inc. |archive-date=March 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314162748/https://support.google.com/youtube/troubleshooter/2888402?hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> YouTube provides recommended encoding settings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Recommended upload encoding settings – YouTube Help |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171 |access-date=November 24, 2020 |publisher=Google Inc. |archive-date=February 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202163705/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171 |url-status=live }}</ref> Each video is identified by an eleven-character [[case-sensitive]] alphanumerical [[Base64#URL applications|Base64]] string in the [[Uniform Resource Locator]] (URL) which can contain letters, digits, an underscore (<code>_</code>), and a dash (<code>-</code>).<ref>{{cite web |title=Here's Why YouTube Will Practically Never Run Out of Unique Video IDs |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/77598/heres-why-youtube-will-never-run-out-unique-video-ids |website=mentalfloss.com |access-date=December 27, 2021 |language=en |date=March 23, 2016 |archive-date=December 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227003053/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/77598/heres-why-youtube-will-never-run-out-unique-video-ids |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, YouTube added a feature called ''Premiere'' which displays a notification to the user mentioning when the video will be available for the first time, like for a live stream but with a prerecorded video. When the scheduled time arrives, the video is aired as a live broadcast with a two-minute countdown. Optionally, a premiere can be initiated immediately.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/367588/what-are-youtube-premiers-and-how-do-you-use-them/ |title=What are YouTube Premieres, and How Do You Use Them? |date=October 26, 2018 |access-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624013022/https://www.howtogeek.com/367588/what-are-youtube-premiers-and-how-do-you-use-them/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Quality and formats ==== YouTube originally offered videos at only one quality level, displayed at a resolution of 320×240 [[pixel]]s using the [[Sorenson codec|Sorenson Spark]] codec (a variant of [[H.263]]),<ref name="incomplete-h263">{{cite web |url=https://www.kaourantin.net/2005/08/quest-for-new-video-codec-in-flash-8.html |title=The quest for a new video codec in Flash 8 |first=Tinic |last=Uro |quote=We went this route before with Sorenson Spark which is an incomplete implementation of H.263 and it bit us badly when trying to implement certain solutions. |date=August 13, 2005 |access-date=January 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206142709/https://kaourantin.net/2005/08/quest-for-new-video-codec-in-flash-8.html |archive-date=February 6, 2009}}</ref><ref name="flash-video">{{cite web |url=https://download.macromedia.com/f4v/video_file_format_spec_v10_1.pdf |title=Adobe Flash Video File Format Specification Version 10.1 |publisher=Adobe Systems Incorporated |page=72 |quote=Sorenson H.263 |year=2010 |access-date=January 27, 2011 |archive-date=December 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219144646/http://download.macromedia.com/f4v/video_file_format_spec_v10_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> with mono MP3 audio.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sorensonmedia.com/news/?n=379 |title=Market Demand for Sorenson Media's Sorenson Spark Video Decoder Expands Sharply |publisher=Sorenson Media |date=June 2, 2009 |access-date=July 31, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827160021/https://www.sorensonmedia.com/news/?n=379 |archive-date=August 27, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In June 2007, YouTube added an option to watch videos in [[3GP and 3G2|3GP]] format on mobile phones.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.downloadsquad.com/2007/06/17/youtube-mobile-goes-live/ |title=YouTube Mobile goes live |date=June 17, 2007 |access-date=August 11, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620083032/https://www.downloadsquad.com/2007/06/17/youtube-mobile-goes-live/ |archive-date=June 20, 2007}}</ref> In March 2008, a high-quality mode was added, which increased the resolution to 480×360 pixels.<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube Videos in High Quality |url=https://youtube.googleblog.com/2008/03/youtube-videos-in-high-quality.html |website=Official YouTube Blog |date=March 14, 2008 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111220719/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2008/03/youtube-videos-in-high-quality.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2008, [[720p]] [[high-definition video|HD]] support was added. At the time of the 720p launch, the YouTube player was changed from a [[4:3]] [[aspect ratio (image)|aspect ratio]] to a [[widescreen]] [[16:9]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Lowensohn |title=YouTube videos go HD with a simple hack |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-videos-go-hd-with-a-simple-hack/ |publisher=[[CNET]] |date=November 20, 2008 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106152302/https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-videos-go-hd-with-a-simple-hack/ |url-status=live }}</ref> With this new feature, YouTube began a switchover to [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC]] as its default video compression format. In November 2009, [[1080p]] HD support was added. In July 2010, YouTube announced that it had launched a range of videos in [[4K resolution|4K]] format, which allows a resolution of up to 4096×3072 pixels.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ramesh |last=Sarukkai |title=What's bigger than 1080p? 4K video comes to YouTube |url=https://youtube.googleblog.com/2010/07/whats-bigger-than-1080p-4k-video-comes.html |website=Official YouTube Blog |date=July 9, 2010 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112041523/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2010/07/whats-bigger-than-1080p-4k-video-comes.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Lowensohn |title=YouTube now supports 4K-resolution videos |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-now-supports-4k-resolution-videos/ |publisher=[[CNET]] |date=July 9, 2010 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=August 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811145936/https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-now-supports-4k-resolution-videos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2010, support for [[2160p]] UHD was added, with the videos playing at 3840 × 2160 pixels.<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube Announces Partner Grants Program, Support For 4K Video Resolution |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/07/09/youtube-partner-program-4k/ |website=TechCrunch |access-date=December 27, 2021 |date=July 9, 2010 |archive-date=December 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227010116/https://techcrunch.com/2010/07/09/youtube-partner-program-4k/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2014, YouTube began to deploy support for [[high frame rate]] videos up to 60 [[frames per second]] (as opposed to 30 before), becoming available for user uploads in October. YouTube stated that this would enhance "motion-intensive" videos, such as [[video game]] footage.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brunner |first=Grant |date=June 27, 2014 |title=Will 60fps YouTube videos force game developers to prioritize frame rate? |url=https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/185454-will-60fps-youtube-videos-force-game-developers-to-prioritize-frame-rate |access-date=November 14, 2019 |website=ExtremeTech |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308090441/https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/185454-will-60fps-youtube-videos-force-game-developers-to-prioritize-frame-rate |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/10/29/7121143/youtube-adds-support-for-60fps-video-playback |title=YouTube now supports 60fps playback, and video games look amazing |last=Welch |first=Chris |date=October 29, 2014 |website=The Verge |language=en |access-date=November 14, 2019 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308101734/https://www.theverge.com/2014/10/29/7121143/youtube-adds-support-for-60fps-video-playback |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/27/battlefield-hardline-youtube-trailers-games |title=Battlefield Hardline ushers in era of smooth YouTube trailers |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=June 27, 2014 |access-date=June 29, 2014 |first=Keith |last=Stuart |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308103930/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/27/battlefield-hardline-youtube-trailers-games |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Kumparak |title=YouTube Can Now Play Videos at a Buttery 60 Frames Per Second |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/10/29/60-fps-youtube/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=October 29, 2014 |access-date=March 26, 2017 |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224160242/https://techcrunch.com/2014/10/29/60-fps-youtube/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2015, support for [[8K resolution]] was added, with the videos playing at 7680×4320 pixels.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mashable.com/2015/06/10/youtube-8k-video/ |title=You can watch an 8K video on YouTube – in theory |publisher=MashableUK |date=June 10, 2015 |access-date=July 2, 2015 |first=Stan |last=Schroeder |archive-date=July 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703043235/http://mashable.com/2015/06/10/youtube-8k-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2016, support for [[High-dynamic-range video|HDR video]] was added which can be encoded with [[hybrid log–gamma]] (HLG) or [[perceptual quantizer]] (PQ).<ref>{{cite web |first1=Steven |last1=Robertson |first2=Sanjeev |last2=Verma |title=True colors: adding support for HDR videos on YouTube |url=https://youtube.googleblog.com/2016/11/true-colors-adding-support-for-hdr.html |website=Official YouTube Blog |date=November 7, 2016 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614154512/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2016/11/true-colors-adding-support-for-hdr.html |url-status=live }}</ref> HDR video can be encoded with the [[Rec. 2020]] color space.<ref>{{cite web |title=Upload High Dynamic Range (HDR) videos |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7126552 |website=YouTube Help |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203175756/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7126552 |url-status=live }}</ref> YouTube videos are available in a range of quality levels. Viewers only indirectly influence the video quality. In the mobile apps, users choose between "Auto", which adjusts resolution based on the internet connection, "High Picture Quality" which will prioritize playing high-quality video, "Data saver" which will sacrifice video quality in favor of low data usage and "Advanced" which lets the user choose a stream resolution.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 25, 2021 |title=How to adjust adjust video quality on YouTube |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/youtube-new-video-quality-settings-explained-7287426/ |access-date=May 30, 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215246/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/youtube-new-video-quality-settings-explained-7287426/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On desktop, users choose between "Auto" and a specific resolution.<ref>{{cite web |title=Change the quality of your video – YouTube Help |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/91449?hl=en&ref_topic=9257411 |access-date=December 29, 2021 |publisher=Google Inc. |archive-date=December 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229191924/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/91449?hl=en&ref_topic=9257411 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is not possible for the viewer to directly choose a higher [[bitrate]] (quality) for any selected resolution. Since 2009, viewers have had the ability to watch 3D videos.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 21, 2009 |title=YouTube in 3D |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ANcspdYh_U |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/5ANcspdYh_U |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=August 3, 2009 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2015, YouTube began natively supporting [[360-degree video]]. Since April 2016, it allowed live streaming 360° video, and both normal and 360° video at up to 1440p, and since November 2016 both at up to 4K (2160p) resolution.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bonnington |first=Christina |date=March 13, 2015 |title=You Can Now Watch and Upload 360-Degree Videos on YouTube |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/03/youtube-360-degree-video/ |access-date=May 10, 2021 |issn=1059-1028 |archive-date=July 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709080447/http://www.wired.com/2015/03/youtube-360-degree-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Verge 2016" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://youtube-eng.googleblog.com/2016/04/new-youtube-live-features-live-360.html |title=New YouTube live features: live 360, 1440p, embedded captions, and VP9 ingestion |website=googleblog.com |publisher=YouTube Engineering and Developers Blog |access-date=December 26, 2021 |language=en |date=April 19, 2016 |archive-date=December 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201205447/https://youtube-eng.googleblog.com/2016/04/new-youtube-live-features-live-360.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Citing the limited number of users who watched more than 90-degrees, it began supporting an alternative stereoscopic video format known as VR180 which it said was easier to produce,<ref>{{cite news |title=YouTube's "VR180" format cuts down on VR video's prohibitive requirements |language=en-us |work=Ars Technica |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/06/youtubes-vr180-format-makes-vr-video-more-accessible/ |access-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316035205/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/06/youtubes-vr180-format-makes-vr-video-more-accessible/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which allows users to watch any video using virtual reality headsets.<ref>{{cite web |last=Broida |first=Rick |title=Watch any YouTube video in VR mode |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/watch-any-youtube-video-in-vr-mode/ |access-date=May 10, 2021 |publisher=CNET |language=en |archive-date=May 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511133658/https://www.cnet.com/how-to/watch-any-youtube-video-in-vr-mode/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to increased viewership during the COVID-19 pandemic, YouTube temporarily downgraded the quality of its videos.<ref>{{cite news |title=YouTube, Amazon and Netflix cut picture quality in Europe |url=https://www.ft.com/content/70333747-f180-4887-8a26-27ab6b230299 |access-date=March 20, 2020 |work=Financial Times |date=March 20, 2020 |last1=Espinoza |first1=Javier |last2=Fildes |first2=Nic |last3=Murphy |first3=Hannah |last4=Bradshaw |first4=Tim |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308010939/https://www.ft.com/content/70333747-f180-4887-8a26-27ab6b230299 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Alexander |first=Julia |date=March 24, 2020 |title=YouTube is reducing its default video quality to standard definition for the next month |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/24/21192384/youtube-video-quality-reduced-hd-broadband-europe-streaming |access-date=October 20, 2020 |website=The Verge |archive-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201043737/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/24/21192384/youtube-video-quality-reduced-hd-broadband-europe-streaming |url-status=live }}</ref> YouTube developed its own chip, called Argos, to help with encoding higher resolution videos in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shankland |first=Stephen |title=Google supercharges YouTube with a custom video chip |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-supercharges-youtube-with-a-custom-video-chip/ |access-date=May 5, 2021 |publisher=CNET |language=en |archive-date=May 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505173316/https://www.cnet.com/news/google-supercharges-youtube-with-a-custom-video-chip/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2023, YouTube began offering some videos in an enhanced bitrate "[[1080p]] Premium" option for YouTube Premium subscribers on iOS.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Emma |date=April 10, 2023 |title=YouTube is giving Premium subscribers higher-quality video than everyone else |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/10/23677141/youtube-premium-subscribers-higher-quality-video-1080p |access-date=April 10, 2023 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210124330/https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/10/23677141/youtube-premium-subscribers-higher-quality-video-1080p |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2023, the feature became available to subscribers on desktop platforms.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peters |first1=Jay |title=YouTube's 'enhanced' 1080p for Premium subscribers is now available on desktop web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/8/4/23820482/youtube-enhanced-bitrate-1080p-premium-desktop-web-living-room |website=The Verge |date=August 4, 2023 |access-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-date=December 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207200835/https://www.theverge.com/2023/8/4/23820482/youtube-enhanced-bitrate-1080p-premium-desktop-web-living-room |url-status=live }}</ref> In certain cases, YouTube allows the uploader to upgrade the quality of videos uploaded a long time ago in poor quality. One such partnership with [[Universal Music Group]] included remasters of 1,000 music videos.<ref>{{cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |title=YouTube partners with Universal to upgrade nearly 1,000 classic music videos to HD |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/19/youtube-partners-with-universal-to-upgrade-nearly-1000-classic-music-videos-to-hd/ |date=June 19, 2019 |access-date=March 9, 2022 |website=TechCrunch |language=en |archive-date=March 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309091746/https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/19/youtube-partners-with-universal-to-upgrade-nearly-1000-classic-music-videos-to-hd/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Live streaming ==== YouTube carried out early experiments with [[live streaming]], including its [[YouTube Live]] event in 2008,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2008/11/jordan-queen-ra.html|title=JORDAN: Queen Rania receives YouTube award|date=November 15, 2008|access-date=September 10, 2016|archive-date=May 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506101452/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2008/11/jordan-queen-ra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> a concert by [[U2]] in 2009, and a question-and-answer session with US President [[Barack Obama]] in February 2010.<ref name="CNN 2010">{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2010/TECH/web/09/13/youtube.livestreaming/index.html?hpt=C2 |title=YouTube testing live streaming |last=Gross |first=Doug |date=September 13, 2010 |publisher=CNN |access-date=September 22, 2017 |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923002722/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TECH/web/09/13/youtube.livestreaming/index.html?hpt=C2 |url-status=live }}</ref> These tests had relied on technology from 3rd-party partners, but in September 2010, YouTube began testing its own live streaming infrastructure.<ref name="BBC 2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-11282240 |title=YouTube in two-day live video-streaming test |date=September 13, 2010 |newspaper=BBC News |access-date=July 21, 2018 |archive-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110052422/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-11282240 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2011, YouTube announced the rollout of ''YouTube Live''. The creation of live streams was initially limited to select partners.<ref name="YT Blog 2011">{{cite web |url=https://youtube.googleblog.com/2011/04/youtube-is-going-live.html |title=YouTube is going LIVE |date=April 8, 2011 |website=YouTube Official Blog |access-date=September 22, 2017 |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923002634/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2011/04/youtube-is-going-live.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was used for real-time broadcasting of events such as the 2012 Olympics in London.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/08/youtube-sleeping-giant-livestreaming/ |title=YouTube Is the Sleeping Giant of Livestreaming |last=Pierce |first=David |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |access-date=September 22, 2017 |date=August 17, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108112508/https://www.wired.com/2015/08/youtube-sleeping-giant-livestreaming/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2012, more than 8 million people watched [[Felix Baumgartner]]'s [[Red Bull Stratos|jump from the edge of space]] as a live stream on YouTube.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsday.com/news/nation/felix-baumgartner-s-jump-from-space-s-edge-watched-by-millions-1.4115479 |title=Felix Baumgartner's jump from space's edge watched by millions |agency=Associated Press |date=October 15, 2012 |access-date=October 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018071353/https://www.newsday.com/news/nation/felix-baumgartner-s-jump-from-space-s-edge-watched-by-millions-1.4115479 |archive-date=October 18, 2012}}</ref> In May 2013, creation of live streams was opened to verified users with at least 1,000 subscribers; in August of the same year the number was reduced to 100 subscribers,<ref name="Verge 2013">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/8/3/4586624/youtube-live-streaming-now-available-to-channels-with-100-subscribers |title=YouTube opens up live streaming to anyone with 100 or more subscribers |last=Blagdon |first=Jeff |date=August 3, 2013 |website=[[The Verge]] |access-date=September 22, 2017 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025730/http://www.theverge.com/2013/8/3/4586624/youtube-live-streaming-now-available-to-channels-with-100-subscribers |url-status=live }}</ref> and in December the limit was removed.<ref name="MacNN 2013">{{cite web |url=https://www.macnn.com/articles/13/12/13/youtube.abandons.100.subscriber.limit.for.live.streaming/ |title=YouTube opens live streaming for all verified accounts |date=December 13, 2013 |website=MacNN |access-date=September 22, 2017 |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923003125/http://www.macnn.com/articles/13/12/13/youtube.abandons.100.subscriber.limit.for.live.streaming/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> In February 2017, live streaming was introduced to the official YouTube mobile app. Live streaming via mobile was initially restricted to users with at least 10,000 subscribers,<ref name="Ars Technica 2017-02-08">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/youtube-now-lets-creators-with-10000-subscribers-live-stream-video-on-mobile/ |title=YouTube now lets creators with 10,000 subscribers live-stream video on mobile |last=Palladino |first=Valentina |date=February 8, 2017 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |access-date=September 22, 2017 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031216/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/youtube-now-lets-creators-with-10000-subscribers-live-stream-video-on-mobile/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but as of mid-2017 it has been reduced to 100 subscribers.<ref name="create live">[https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2853700 "Create a live stream"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010095216/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2853700 |date=October 10, 2017 }} YouTube Help. Retrieved September 22, 2017.</ref> Live streams support HDR, can be up to 4K resolution at 60 fps, and also support 360° video.<ref name="Verge 2016">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/30/13783272/youtube-update-4k-live-streaming-support-360-video |title=YouTube now supports 4K live-streaming for both 360-degree and standard video |last=Garun |first=Natt |date=November 30, 2016 |website=[[The Verge]] |access-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209043847/https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/30/13783272/youtube-update-4k-live-streaming-support-360-video |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Porter |first=Jon |date=December 8, 2020 |title=YouTube live streams now support HDR |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/8/22162889/youtube-live-stream-hdr-support |access-date=May 10, 2021 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=May 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510172849/https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/8/22162889/youtube-live-stream-hdr-support |url-status=live }}</ref> === User features === ==== Comment system {{anchor|User comments}} ==== {{See also|Criticism of Google#YouTube user comments}} Most videos enable users to leave [[Comments section|comments]], which have attracted attention for the negative aspects of their form and content.{{Specify|date=March 2023}} In 2006, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' praised [[Web 2.0]] for enabling "community and collaboration on a scale never seen before", and added that YouTube "harnesses the stupidity of crowds as well as its wisdom. Some of the comments on YouTube make you weep for the future of humanity just for the spelling alone, never mind the obscenity and the naked hatred".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Grossman |first=Lev |date=December 25, 2006 |title=You – Yes, You – Are TIME's Person of the Year |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570810,00.html |magazine=Time |access-date=March 26, 2017 |archive-date=March 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304050538/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570810,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' in 2009 described users' comments on YouTube as:<ref>{{cite news |last=Owen |first=Paul |date=November 3, 2009 |title=Our top 10 funniest YouTube comments – what are yours? |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2009/nov/03/youtube-funniest-comments |access-date=March 13, 2014 |archive-date=March 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311005500/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2009/nov/03/youtube-funniest-comments |url-status=live }}</ref> {{blockquote|Juvenile, aggressive, misspelt, [[sexist]], [[homophobic]], swinging from raging at the contents of a video to providing a pointlessly detailed description followed by a [[LOL]], YouTube comments are a hotbed of infantile debate and unashamed ignorance—with the occasional burst of wit shining through.}} ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' commented in September 2008, that YouTube was "notorious" for "some of the most confrontational and ill-formed comment exchanges on the internet", and reported on YouTube Comment Snob, "a new piece of software that blocks rude and illiterate posts".<ref>{{cite news |last=Moore |first=Matthew |date=September 2, 2008 |title=YouTube's worst comments blocked by filter |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2668997/YouTubes-worst-comments-blocked-by-filter.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2668997/YouTubes-worst-comments-blocked-by-filter.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=March 26, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' noted in April 2012 that finding comments on YouTube that appear "[[offensive content|offensive]], stupid and crass" to the "vast majority" of the people is hardly difficult.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rundle |first=Michael |date=April 7, 2012 |title=Policing Racism Online: Liam Stacey, YouTube And The Law Of Big Numbers |newspaper=[[HuffPost]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/04/06/policing-racism-online-liam-stacey-fabrice-muamba-abuse-twitter-youtube-facebook_n_1407795.html |access-date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=May 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528093341/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/04/06/policing-racism-online-liam-stacey-fabrice-muamba-abuse-twitter-youtube-facebook_n_1407795.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Google subsequently implemented a comment system oriented on Google+ on November 6, 2013, that required all YouTube users to use a [[Google+]] account to comment on videos. The stated motivation for the change was giving creators more power to moderate and block comments, thereby addressing frequent criticisms of their quality and tone.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/07/youtube-comments-trolls-moderation-google "YouTube aims to tame the trolls with changes to its comments section"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209163014/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/07/youtube-comments-trolls-moderation-google |date=February 9, 2017 }}, Stuart Dredge, ''The Guardian'', November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.</ref> The new system restored the ability to include [[URL]]s in comments, which had previously been removed due to problems with abuse.<ref>{{cite web |year=2009 |title=No more links in comments? |url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/youtube/OdxWjrLvzYw |access-date=August 28, 2013 |work=Google product forums |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203081016/https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/youtube/OdxWjrLvzYw |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2013 |title=View and post comments |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/171666?hl=en-GB |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117041605/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/171666 |archive-date=November 17, 2013 |access-date=November 11, 2013 |work=Google Support}}</ref> In response, YouTube co-founder Jawed Karim posted the question "why the fuck do I need a google+ account to comment on a video?" on his YouTube channel to express his negative opinion of the change.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hern |first=Alex |date=November 8, 2013 |title=YouTube co-founder hurls abuse at Google over new YouTube comments |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/08/youtube-cofounder-why-the-fuck-do-i-need-a-google-account-to-comment |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-date=November 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112023951/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/08/youtube-cofounder-why-the-fuck-do-i-need-a-google-account-to-comment |url-status=live }}</ref> The official YouTube announcement<ref>{{YouTube|bVGp8Z8Yb28|"Meet the new YouTube comments"|link=no}}, November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.</ref> received 20,097 "thumbs down" votes and generated more than 32,000 comments in two days.<ref>[https://www.ibtimes.com/youtube-founder-blasts-new-youtube-comments-jawed-karim-outraged-google-plus-requirement-1462814 "YouTube Founder Blasts New YouTube Comments: Jawed Karim Outraged At Google Plus Requirement"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005165356/https://www.ibtimes.com/youtube-founder-blasts-new-youtube-comments-jawed-karim-outraged-google-plus-requirement-1462814 |date=October 5, 2022 }}, Ryan W. Neal, ''International Business Times'', November 8, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.</ref> Writing in the ''Newsday'' blog Silicon Island, Chase Melvin noted that "Google+ is nowhere near as popular a social media network like [[Facebook]], but it's essentially being forced upon millions of YouTube users who don't want to lose their ability to comment on videos" and added that "Discussion forums across the Internet are already bursting with the outcry against the new comment system". In the same article Melvin goes on to say:<ref>{{cite news |last=Chase |first=Melvin |date=November 20, 2013 |title=YouTube comments require Google+ account, Google faces uproar |newspaper=Newsday |url=https://www.newsday.com/business/technology/silicon-island-1.1521604/youtube-comments-require-google-account-google-faces-uproar-1.6429420 |access-date=February 17, 2022 |archive-date=November 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112195648/http://www.newsday.com/business/technology/silicon-island-1.1521604/youtube-comments-require-google-account-google-faces-uproar-1.6429420 |url-status=dead }}{{subscription required}} [https://www.amny.com/silicon-island-1.1521604/youtube-comments-require-google-account-google-faces-uproar-1.6429420 Alternate link] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000813/https://www.amny.com/silicon-island-1.1521604/youtube-comments-require-google-account-google-faces-uproar-1.6429420 |date=December 3, 2013 }}.</ref> {{blockquote|Perhaps user complaints are justified, but the idea of revamping the old system isn't so bad. Think of the crude, [[misogynistic]] and racially-charged mudslinging that has transpired over the last eight years on YouTube without any discernible moderation. Isn't any attempt to curb unidentified libelers worth a shot? The system is far from perfect, but Google should be lauded for trying to alleviate some of the damage caused by irate YouTubers hiding behind animosity and anonymity.}} Later, on July 27, 2015, Google announced in a blog post that it would be removing the requirement to sign up to a Google+ account to post comments to YouTube.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 28, 2015 |title=Google unlinking Google+ from YouTube |work=BBC News |location=London |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-33687110 |access-date=July 29, 2015 |archive-date=July 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728115333/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-33687110 |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 3, 2016, YouTube announced a trial scheme which allows the creators of videos to decide whether to approve, hide or report the comments posted on videos based on an [[algorithm]] that detects potentially offensive comments.<ref>{{cite web |last=E. Solsman |first=Joan |date=November 3, 2016 |title=YouTube helps creators blast trolls from comments |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-comments-new-tools-algorithmic-pinned-hearts-usernames/ |access-date=March 25, 2017 |publisher=[[CNET]] |archive-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212192412/https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-comments-new-tools-algorithmic-pinned-hearts-usernames/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Creators may also choose to keep or delete comments with links or hashtags in order to combat spam. They can also allow other users to moderate their comments.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jotham |first1=Immanuel |date=July 24, 2017 |title=New YouTube feature allows creators to automatically block spam |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/new-youtube-feature-allows-creators-automatically-block-spam-1631665 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |website=International Business Times UK |language=en |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917123752/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/new-youtube-feature-allows-creators-automatically-block-spam-1631665 |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2020, it was reported that YouTube would launch a new feature that will warn users who post a comment that "may be offensive to others."<ref>{{cite web |last=Alexander |first=Julia |date=December 3, 2020 |title=YouTube will ask commenters to rethink posting if their message seems offensive |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/3/22150197/youtube-comments-posting-hurtful-hate-videos-discrimination-monetization-search |access-date=December 9, 2020 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208170536/https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/3/22150197/youtube-comments-posting-hurtful-hate-videos-discrimination-monetization-search |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube introduces new feature to address toxic comments |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/03/youtube-introduces-new-features-to-address-toxic-comments/ |last=Perez |first=Sarah |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205083858/https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/03/youtube-introduces-new-features-to-address-toxic-comments/ <!--stable--> |archive-date=December 5, 2020 |access-date=December 9, 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |date=December 3, 2020 |language=en-US }}</ref> ==== Community ==== On September 13, 2016, YouTube launched a [[public beta]] of Community, a [[social media]]-based feature that allows users to post text, images (including [[GIF]]s), live videos and others in a separate "Community" tab on their channel.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sarah |last=Perez |title=YouTube gets its own social network with the launch of YouTube Community |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/13/youtube-gets-its-own-social-network-with-the-launch-of-youtube-community/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=September 13, 2016 |access-date=March 26, 2017 |archive-date=March 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305062851/https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/13/youtube-gets-its-own-social-network-with-the-launch-of-youtube-community/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to the release, several creators had been consulted to suggest tools Community could incorporate that they would find useful; these [[YouTuber]]s included [[Vlogbrothers]], [[AsapScience]], [[Lilly Singh]], [[MatPat|The Game Theorists]], [[Karmin]], [[The Key of Awesome]], The Kloons, [[Peter Hollens]], [[Rosianna Halse Rojas]], [[Sam Tsui]], [[Threadbanger]] and [[Jake Roper|Vsauce3]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Kiley |last=McEvoy |title=YouTube Community goes beyond video |url=https://youtube-creators.googleblog.com/2016/09/youtube-community-goes-beyond-video.html |website=YouTube Creators Blog |date=September 13, 2016 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614232155/https://youtube-creators.googleblog.com/2016/09/youtube-community-goes-beyond-video.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=July 2021}} After the feature has been officially released, the ''community post'' feature gets activated automatically for every channel that passes a specific threshold of subscriber counts or already has more subscribers. This threshold was lowered over time,{{when|date=September 2019}} from 10,000 subscribers <!-- was it the first threshold? --> to 1500 subscribers, to 1000 subscribers,<ref name="community-activate">{{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7124474?co=GENIE.Platform=Desktop&hl=en |title=Create a Community post – Computer – YouTube Help |publisher=Google Inc. |access-date=September 11, 2019 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301043946/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7124474?co=GENIE.Platform=Desktop&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=July 2021}} to 500 subscribers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Peters |first=Jay |title=YouTube halves the number of subscribers you need to unlock Community posting |website=The Verge |date=September 9, 2021 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/9/22664973/youtube-community-posts-subscribers-halves |access-date=November 17, 2021 |archive-date=November 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117143836/https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/9/22664973/youtube-community-posts-subscribers-halves |url-status=live }}</ref> Channels that the community tab becomes enabled for, get their channel discussions (previously known as channel comments) permanently erased, instead of co-existing or migrating.<ref name="community-help">{{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7124175?co=GENIE.Platform=Desktop |title=Engage with creators on Community posts – Computer – YouTube Help |publisher=Google Inc. |access-date=September 11, 2019 |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224202448/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7124175?co=GENIE.Platform=Desktop |url-status=live }}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=July 2021}} ==== TestTube ==== Experimental features of YouTube could be accessed in an area of the site formerly named ''TestTube''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hidden features of Facebook, WhatsApp, Youtube and more |url=https://www.gadgetsnow.com/slideshows/hidden-features-of-facebook-whatsapp-youtube-and-more/youtube-testtube/photolist/57616832.cms |website=Gadgets Now |language=en |access-date=December 31, 2020 |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413154208/https://www.gadgetsnow.com/slideshows/hidden-features-of-facebook-whatsapp-youtube-and-more/youtube-testtube/photolist/57616832.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube's Test Tube: What Is It? |url=https://goldengridsystem.com/youtubes-test-tube-what-is-it/ |website=Golden Grid System |date=January 8, 2020 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |archive-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205142110/https://goldengridsystem.com/youtubes-test-tube-what-is-it/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> For example, in October 2009, a ''comment search'' feature accessible under <code>/comment_search</code> was implemented as part of this program. The feature was removed later.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Testing Comment Search On YouTube |url=https://searchengineland.com/google-testing-youtube-comment-search-27900 |website=Search Engine Land |date=October 16, 2009 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |archive-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209151338/https://searchengineland.com/google-testing-youtube-comment-search-27900 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later the same year, ''YouTube Feather'' was introduced as a "lightweight" alternative website for countries with limited internet speeds.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slow YouTube? Try Feather, Made for India |url=https://www.gtricks.com/youtube/slow-youtube-feather-india/ |website=Gtricks |date=December 7, 2009 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |archive-date=February 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213032953/https://www.gtricks.com/youtube/slow-youtube-feather-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the transition to the Polymer layout, TestTube was disabled, and the URL redirects to video playback settings. TestTube was replaced by a new system that requires users to be premium members to enable or disable experiments. === Content accessibility === YouTube offers users the ability to view its videos on web pages outside their website. Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of [[HTML]] that can be used to embed it on any page on the Web.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.athenswalk.net/_/Blog/Entries/2013/7/30_YouTube_embed_code_guide.html |title=YouTube embedded video guide |access-date=February 17, 2022 |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010095422/http://www.athenswalk.net/_/Blog/Entries/2013/7/30_YouTube_embed_code_guide.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> This functionality is often used to embed YouTube videos in social networking pages and blogs. Users wishing to post a video discussing, inspired by, or related to another user's video can make a "video response". The eleven character YouTube video identifier (64 possible characters used in each position), allows for a theoretical maximum of 64<sup>11</sup> or around 73.8 quintillion (73.8 billion billion) unique ids. YouTube announced that it would remove video responses for being an underused feature on August 27, 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=So long, video responses ... Next up: better ways to connect |url=https://youtube-creators.googleblog.com/2013/08/so-long-video-responsesnext-up-better.html |website=YouTube Creators Blog |date=August 27, 2013 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=June 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626231358/https://youtube-creators.googleblog.com/2013/08/so-long-video-responsesnext-up-better.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Embedding, rating, commenting and response posting can be disabled by the video owner.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/58123 |title=Control comments and video responses |work=Google Support |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420184841/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9483359?visit_id=637545413213052699-3384595804&rd=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> YouTube does not usually offer a download link for its videos, and intends for them to be viewed through its website interface.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/t/terms |title=Terms of Use, 5.B |via=YouTube |access-date=August 25, 2010 |archive-date=March 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317013246/https://www.youtube.com/t/terms |url-status=live }}</ref> A small number of videos can be downloaded as [[MPEG-4 Part 14|MP4]] files.<ref>{{cite web |first=Josh |last=Lowensohn |title=(Some) YouTube videos get download option |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/some-youtube-videos-get-download-option/ |publisher=[[CNET]] |date=January 16, 2009 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308092222/https://www.cnet.com/news/some-youtube-videos-get-download-option/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Numerous third-party web sites, applications and browser [[Plug-in (computing)|plug-ins]] allow users to download YouTube videos.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/02/---mark-milian.html?cid=149000259 |title=YouTube looks out for content owners, disables video ripping |last1=Milian |first1=Mark |work=Los Angeles Times |date=February 19, 2009 |access-date=February 21, 2009 |archive-date=July 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701134139/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/02/---mark-milian.html?cid=149000259 |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2009, YouTube announced a test service, allowing some partners to offer video downloads for free or for a fee paid through [[Google Checkout]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Leena |last=Rao |title=YouTube Hopes To Boost Revenue With Video Downloads |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/12/AR2009021203239.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 12, 2009 |access-date=March 26, 2017 |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107151957/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/12/AR2009021203239.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2012, Google sent [[cease and desist]] letters threatening legal action against several websites offering online download and conversion of YouTube videos.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://torrentfreak.com/google-threatens-to-sue-huge-youtube-mp3-conversion-site-120619/ |title=Google Threatens To Sue Huge YouTube MP3 Conversion Site |work=Torrentfreak |date=June 19, 2012 |access-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-date=September 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901222315/http://torrentfreak.com/google-threatens-to-sue-huge-youtube-mp3-conversion-site-120619/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In response, [[Zamzar]] removed the ability to download YouTube videos from its site.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.zamzar.com/2012/06/12/downloading-youtube-videos-no-longer-supported/ |title=Downloading YouTube videos – no longer supported |work=Zamzar |date=June 12, 2012 |access-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-date=September 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905192607/http://blog.zamzar.com/2012/06/12/downloading-youtube-videos-no-longer-supported/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Users retain copyright of their own work under the default Standard YouTube License,<ref>{{cite web |first=Jane |last=Park |title=YouTube launches support for CC BY and a CC library featuring 10,000 videos |url=https://creativecommons.org/2011/06/02/youtube-launches-support-for-cc-by-and-a-cc-library-featuring-10000-videos/ |work=Creative Commons |date=June 2, 2011 |access-date=July 20, 2019 |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226162909/https://creativecommons.org/2011/06/02/youtube-launches-support-for-cc-by-and-a-cc-library-featuring-10000-videos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but have the option to grant certain usage rights under any [[public copyright license]] they choose. Since July 2012, it has been possible to select a [[Creative Commons]] attribution license as the default, allowing other users to reuse and remix the material.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Cathy |last1=Casserly |title=Here's your invite to reuse and remix the 4 million Creative Commons-licensed videos on YouTube |url=https://youtube.googleblog.com/2012/07/heres-your-invite-to-reuse-and-remix-4.html |website=Official YouTube Blog |date=July 25, 2012 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614215808/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2012/07/heres-your-invite-to-reuse-and-remix-4.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Platforms ==== Most modern [[smartphone]]s are capable of accessing YouTube videos, either within an application or through an optimized website. YouTube Mobile was launched in June 2007, using [[Real Time Streaming Protocol|RTSP]] streaming for the video.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/ |title=YouTube |via=YouTube |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101095632/https://www.youtube.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Not all of YouTube's videos are available on the mobile version of the site.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Alex |last1=Chitu |title=Mobile YouTube |url=https://googlesystem.blogspot.no/2007/06/mobile-youtube.html |website=Unofficial Google Blog |date=June 15, 2007 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=March 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326225828/http://googlesystem.blogspot.no/2007/06/mobile-youtube.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Since June 2007, YouTube's videos have been available for viewing on a range of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] products. This required YouTube's content to be transcoded into Apple's preferred video standard, [[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC|H.264]], a process that took several months. YouTube videos can be viewed on devices including [[Apple TV]], [[iPod Touch]] and the [[iPhone]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/06/20youtube.html |title=YouTube Live on Apple TV Today; Coming to iPhone on June 29 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |date=June 20, 2007 |access-date=January 17, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228063433/https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/06/20youtube.html |archive-date=December 28, 2008}}</ref> The mobile version of the site was relaunched based on [[HTML5]] in July 2010, avoiding the need to use Adobe Flash Player and optimized for use with touch screen controls.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.geek.com/articles/mobile/goodbye-flash-youtube-mobile-goes-html5-on-iphone-and-android-2010079/ |title=Goodbye Flash: YouTube mobile goes HTML5 on iPhone and Android |last1=Zibreg |first1=Christian |date=July 8, 2010 |access-date=January 9, 2012 |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427221423/https://www.geek.com/articles/mobile/goodbye-flash-youtube-mobile-goes-html5-on-iphone-and-android-2010079 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The mobile version is also available as an app for the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] platform.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Kincaid |title=YouTube Mobile Goes HTML5, Video Quality Beats Native Apps Hands Down |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/07/07/youtube-iphone-mobile-html5/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=March 26, 2017 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106163605/https://techcrunch.com/2010/07/07/youtube-iphone-mobile-html5/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2010/12/youtube-21-app-now-available-on-android.html |title=YouTube 2.1 App Now Available on Android Market |date=December 8, 2010 |access-date=January 9, 2012 |archive-date=January 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123070836/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2010/12/youtube-21-app-now-available-on-android.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2012, YouTube launched its first app for the iPhone, following the decision to drop YouTube as one of the preloaded apps in the [[iPhone 5]] and [[iOS 6]] operating system.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2012/sep/11/youtube-iphone-app |title=New YouTube iPhone app preempts iOS6 demotion |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=September 11, 2012 |access-date=September 11, 2012 |first=Stuart |last=Dredge |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308102341/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2012/sep/11/youtube-iphone-app |url-status=live }}</ref> According to [[GlobalWebIndex]], YouTube was used by 35% of smartphone users between April and June 2013, making it the third-most used app.<ref>{{cite web |first=Cooper |last=Smith |title=Google+ Is The Fourth Most-Used Smartphone App |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/google-smartphone-app-popularity-2013-9#infographic |website=[[Business Insider]] |date=September 5, 2013 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=June 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620041343/http://www.businessinsider.com/google-smartphone-app-popularity-2013-9#infographic |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[TiVo]] service update in July 2008 allowed the system to search and play YouTube videos.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/5026092/tivo-getting-youtube-streaming-today |title=TiVo Getting YouTube Streaming Today |website=[[Gizmodo]] |date=July 17, 2007 |access-date=February 17, 2009 |archive-date=September 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916053726/https://gizmodo.com/5026092/tivo-getting-youtube-streaming-today |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2009, YouTube launched "YouTube for TV", a version of the website tailored for set-top boxes and other TV-based media devices with web browsers, initially allowing its videos to be viewed on the [[PlayStation 3]] and [[Wii]] [[video game console]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/01/youtube-wii-ps3.html |title=YouTube video comes to Wii and PlayStation 3 game consoles |work=Los Angeles Times |date=January 15, 2009 |access-date=January 17, 2009 |archive-date=January 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090118131150/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/01/youtube-wii-ps3.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Coming Up Next ... YouTube on Your TV |url=https://www.youtube.com/blog?entry=sDFlZe7FwJI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622121857/https://www.youtube.com/blog?entry=sDFlZe7FwJI |archive-date=June 22, 2009 |publisher=YouTube Blog |date=January 15, 2009 |access-date=May 10, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During the month of June that same year, YouTube XL was introduced, which has a simplified interface designed for viewing on a standard television screen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Experience YouTube XL on the Big Screen |url=https://www.youtube.com/blog?entry=ByKmsHdhra8 |work=YouTube Blog |via=YouTube |date=June 2, 2009 |access-date=June 20, 2009 |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109092540/https://blog.youtube/?entry=ByKmsHdhra8 |url-status=live }}</ref> YouTube is also available as an app on [[Xbox Live]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Xbox Live Getting Live TV, YouTube & Bing Voice Search |url=https://mashable.com/2011/06/06/youtube-bing-tv-xbox-live/ |work=Mashable |date=June 6, 2011 |access-date=December 22, 2011}}</ref> On November 15, 2012, Google launched an official app for the Wii, allowing users to watch YouTube videos from the Wii channel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.techradar.com/news/gaming/consoles/youtube-app-wanders-onto-nintendo-wii-days-before-wii-u-launch-1112972 |title=YouTube app wanders onto Nintendo Wii days before Wii U launch |publisher=Techradar.com |date=November 15, 2012 |access-date=November 20, 2012 |archive-date=November 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119040115/http://www.techradar.com/news/gaming/consoles/youtube-app-wanders-onto-nintendo-wii-days-before-wii-u-launch-1112972 |url-status=live }}</ref> An app was available for [[Wii U]] and [[Nintendo 3DS]], but was discontinued in August 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://en-americas-support.nintendo.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/47010/~/youtube-app-for-nintendo-3ds-discontinuation |title=YouTube App for Nintendo 3DS Discontinuation |work=Nintendo America |access-date=February 4, 2020 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221001615/https://en-americas-support.nintendo.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/47010/~/youtube-app-for-nintendo-3ds-discontinuation |url-status=live }}</ref> Videos can also be viewed on the [[Internet Browser (Wii U)|Wii U Internet Browser]] using HTML5.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sarah |last=Ali |title=Just for U: YouTube arrives on Wii U |url=https://youtube.googleblog.com/2012/11/just-for-u-youtube-arrives-on-wii-u.html |website=Official YouTube Blog |date=November 22, 2012 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614215940/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2012/11/just-for-u-youtube-arrives-on-wii-u.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=September 2019}} Google made YouTube available on the [[Roku]] player on December 17, 2013,<ref>{{cite web |first=Todd |last=Spangler |title=YouTube Channel Now Playing on Roku |url=https://variety.com/2013/digital/news/youtube-channel-now-playing-on-roku-1200969005/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=December 17, 2013 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308063701/https://variety.com/2013/digital/news/youtube-channel-now-playing-on-roku-1200969005/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and, in October 2014, the Sony [[PlayStation 4]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Richard |last=O'Grady |title=Pwn, share, repeat with YouTube on PlayStation 4 |url=https://youtube.googleblog.com/2014/10/pwn-share-repeat-with-youtube-on.html |website=Official YouTube Blog |date=October 28, 2014 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=December 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210093857/https://youtube.googleblog.com/2014/10/pwn-share-repeat-with-youtube-on.html |url-status=live }}</ref> YouTube launched as a downloadable app for the [[Nintendo Switch]] in November 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube for Nintendo Switch |url=https://www.nintendo.com/games/detail/youtube-switch |website=Nintendo Game Details |publisher=Nintendo of America |access-date=December 5, 2018 |archive-date=March 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311113505/https://www.nintendo.com/games/detail/youtube-switch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === International and localization === In early years of operation, Google faced some criticism for 'encouraging the dominance of US values', by prioritising English over other languages. On June 19, 2007, at a conference in Paris, Google CEO [[Eric Schmidt]] launched YouTube [[Internationalization and localization|localization]], with stated aims including customizing the YouTube experience by country, including country-specific comments, metrics, and video rankings. From 2007, YouTube's localization was rolled out.<ref name="local" /><ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube aux couleurs de la France |url=https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/youtube-aux-couleurs-de-la-france-39370424.htm |language=fr |trans-title=YouTube in the colours of France |date=June 19, 2007 |access-date=December 10, 2023 |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210073019/https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/youtube-aux-couleurs-de-la-france-39370424.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2015 report on YouTube's localization showed it to be continuing, and expanding.<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube: A Localization Strategy and What Comes Next |url=https://www.doz.com/media/youtube-global-local-strategy |date=March 11, 2015 |access-date=January 4, 2024 |archive-date=September 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924002357/https://www.doz.com/media/youtube-global-local-strategy |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2023, YouTube made it possible to upload a single video in multiple languages. Prior to 2023, the only option for YouTubers to broaden their content's reach to audiences speaking different languages was to launch an entirely separate secondary channel for each language and upload dubbed versions of their videos across all those channels. MrBeast called multi-language dub tracks a “giant win” for creators. With the introduction of the dubbing localization option, many creators switched from uploading to separate channels to uploading to their main channel with dubbed versions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Creators can build big international audiences by dubbing their content in other languages. But what's the best way to dub?|url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2023/08/01/youtube-content-language-localization-air-media-tech/|trans-title=YouTube in the colours of France|date=August 1, 2023|access-date=December 20, 2023|archive-date=August 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817215038/https://www.tubefilter.com/2023/08/01/youtube-content-language-localization-air-media-tech/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== YouTube localization by country ==== As of 2024, the interface of YouTube is available with localized versions in 104 countries, one territory ([[Hong Kong]]) and a worldwide version<ref>See the YouTube localization list at the bottom of the YouTube website.</ref> and continues to extend the availability of its localized version to additional countries and regions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch videos offline on mobile in select countries & regions |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/6141269 |access-date=11 March 2024 |website=YouTube |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311120528/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/6141269 |url-status=live }}</ref> If YouTube is unable to identify a specific country or region according to the IP address, the default location is the United States. However, YouTube offers language and content preferences for all accessible countries, regions, and languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Change language or location settings |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/87604 |access-date=11 March 2024 |website=YouTube |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311120528/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/87604 |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin: 1em auto;" |+ Countries with YouTube localization |- ! scope="col" | Country ! scope="col" | Language(s) ! scope="col" | Launch date ! scope="col" | {{Reference heading}} |- ! scope="row" | [[United States]] (and worldwide launch) | [[American English|English]], [[Spanish language in the United States|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | February 14, 2005 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Brazil]] | [[Brazilian Portuguese|Portuguese]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2007 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[France]] | [[French language|French]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Basque language|Basque]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2007 | <ref name="local">{{cite news |last=Sayer |first=Peter |date=June 19, 2007 |title=Google launches YouTube France News |url=https://www.techadvisor.com/article/725160/google-launches-youtube-france.html |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |website=[[PC Advisor]] |access-date=November 1, 2023 |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101225353/https://www.techadvisor.com/article/725160/google-launches-youtube-france.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | [[Hiberno-English|English]], [[Irish language|Irish]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2007 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Italy]] | [[Italian language|Italian]], [[German language|German]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2007 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Japan]] | [[Japanese language|Japanese]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2007 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Netherlands]] | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2007 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Poland]] | [[Polish language|Polish]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2007 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Spain]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Galician language|Galician]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Basque language|Basque]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2007 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[United Kingdom]] | [[British English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2007 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Mexico]] | [[Mexican Spanish|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 11, 2007 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulos/43235.html |title=Presentan hoy YouTube México |newspaper=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |date=October 11, 2007 |access-date=September 9, 2010 |language=es |trans-title=YouTube México launched today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516063924/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulos/43235.html |archive-date=May 16, 2009}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Hong Kong]] | [[Traditional Chinese characters|Chinese]], [[Hong Kong English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 17, 2007 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://stanley5.blogspot.com/2007/10/youtube.html |title=中文上線 – YouTube 香港中文版登場！ |publisher=Stanley5 |date=October 17, 2007 |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-date=October 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011221455/https://stanley5.blogspot.com/2007/10/youtube.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Taiwan]] | [[Traditional Chinese characters|Chinese]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 18, 2007 | <ref>{{cite news |title=YouTube繁體中文版上線 |url=https://www.ithome.com.tw/node/45813 |work=IThome |date=October 18, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518040112/https://www.ithome.com.tw/node/45813 |archive-date=May 18, 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Australia]] | [[Australian English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" |October 22, 2007 | <ref name="AUS-NZ">{{cite news |first=Kristen |last=Nicole |url=https://mashable.com/2007/10/22/youtube-australia-new-zealand/ |title=YouTube Launches in Australia & New Zealand |publisher=[[Mashable]] |date=October 22, 2007 |access-date=August 3, 2009 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403142649/https://mashable.com/2007/10/22/youtube-australia-new-zealand/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[New Zealand]] | [[New Zealand English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" |October 22, 2007 | <ref name="AUS-NZ" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Canada]] | [[Canadian English|English]], [[Canadian French|French]] | style="text-align: right;" | November 6, 2007 | <ref>{{cite news |first=Kristen |last=Nicole |url=https://mashable.com/2007/11/06/youtube-canada/ |title=YouTube Canada Now Live |date=November 6, 2007 |publisher=[[Mashable]] |access-date=August 3, 2009 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403183030/https://mashable.com/2007/11/06/youtube-canada/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Germany]] | [[German language|German]] | style="text-align: right;" | November 8, 2007 | <ref>{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Ostrow |url=https://mashable.com/2007/11/08/youtube-germany/ |title=YouTube Germany Launches |publisher=[[Mashable]] |date=November 8, 2007 |access-date=August 3, 2009 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403120958/https://mashable.com/2007/11/08/youtube-germany/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Russia]] | [[Russian language|Russian]] | style="text-align: right;" | November 13, 2007 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/824940/ |title=YouTube перевелся на русский |language=ru |publisher=Kommersant Moscow |date=November 14, 2007 |access-date=March 22, 2012 |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230948/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/824940/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[South Korea]] | [[Korean language|Korean]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 23, 2008 | <ref>{{cite magazine |first=Martyn |last=Williams |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/141684/youtube_launches_korean_site.html |magazine=[[PC World]] |date=January 23, 2008 |access-date=March 22, 2012 |title=YouTube Launches Korean Site |archive-date=April 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428184917/http://www.pcworld.com/article/141684/youtube_launches_korean_site.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[India]] | [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Indian English|English]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu]] | style="text-align: right;" | May 7, 2008 | <ref>{{cite news |first=Sandeep |last=Joshi |url=https://www.hindu.com/2008/05/08/stories/2008050857242200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510222042/https://www.hindu.com/2008/05/08/stories/2008050857242200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 10, 2008 |title=YouTube now has an Indian incarnation |date=May 8, 2008 |access-date=August 3, 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Israel]] | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Arabic language in Israel|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | September 16, 2008 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Czech Republic]] | [[Czech language|Czech]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 9, 2008 | <ref>{{cite news |first=Petr |last=Bokuvka |url=https://czechdaily.wordpress.com/2008/10/12/czech-version-of-youtube-launched-and-its-crap-it-sucks/ |title=Czech version of YouTube launched. And it's crap. It sucks |work=The Czech Daily Word |publisher=Wordpress.com |date=October 12, 2008 |access-date=August 3, 2009 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403074947/https://czechdaily.wordpress.com/2008/10/12/czech-version-of-youtube-launched-and-its-crap-it-sucks/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Sweden]] | [[Swedish language|Swedish]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 22, 2008 | <ref>[https://www.kullin.net/2008/10/launch-video-unavailable-when-youtube-opens-up-in-sweden/ Launch video unavailable when YouTube opens up in Sweden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910233912/http://www.kullin.net/2008/10/launch-video-unavailable-when-youtube-opens-up-in-sweden/ |date=September 10, 2018 }} October 23, 2008. Retrieved December 7, 2012.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[South Africa]] | [[South African English|English]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]] | style="text-align: right;" | May 17, 2010 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Argentina]] | [[Rioplatense Spanish|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | September 8, 2010 | <ref name="countries">{{cite web |url=https://www.typeboard.com/2010/09/youtube-launches-in-argentina/ |title=YouTube launches in Argentina |date=September 9, 2010 |access-date=September 9, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100912172902/https://www.typeboard.com/2010/09/youtube-launches-in-argentina/ |archive-date=September 12, 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Algeria]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]], [[French language|French]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 9, 2011 | <ref name="arabcrunch1">{{cite web |url=https://arabcrunch.com/2011/03/youtube-launches-local-version-for-algeria-egypt-jordan-morocco-saudi-arabia-tunisia-and-yemen.html |title=YouTube Launches Local Version For Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and Yemen |publisher=ArabCrunch |access-date=March 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314234447/https://arabcrunch.com/2011/03/youtube-launches-local-version-for-algeria-egypt-jordan-morocco-saudi-arabia-tunisia-and-yemen.html |archive-date=March 14, 2011}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Egypt]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 9, 2011 | <ref name="arabcrunch1" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Jordan]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 9, 2011 | <ref name="arabcrunch1" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Morocco]] | [[French language|French]], [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 9, 2011 | <ref name="arabcrunch1" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Saudi Arabia]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 9, 2011 | <ref name="arabcrunch1" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Tunisia]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]], [[French language|French]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 9, 2011 | <ref name="arabcrunch1" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Yemen]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 9, 2011 | <ref name="arabcrunch1" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Kenya]] | [[English language|English]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | style="text-align: right;" | September 1, 2011 | <ref>{{cite news |first=Nmachi |last=Jidenma |url=https://thenextweb.com/africa/2011/10/05/google-launches-youtube-in-kenya/ |title=Google launches YouTube in Kenya |publisher=The Next Web |date=September 1, 2011 |access-date=March 22, 2012 |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331150238/https://thenextweb.com/africa/2011/10/05/google-launches-youtube-in-kenya/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Philippines]] | [[Filipino language|Filipino]], [[Philippine English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 13, 2011 | <ref name="philippines">{{cite news |first=Tam |last=Noda |url=https://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=737018&publicationSubCategoryId=200 |title=YouTube launches 'The Philippines' |newspaper=The Philippine Star |date=October 13, 2011 |access-date=October 13, 2011}}{{dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Singapore]] | [[Singapore English|English]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Simplified Chinese characters|Chinese]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 20, 2011 | <ref name="singapore">{{cite news |title=YouTube Launches Singapore Site |url=https://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC111020-0000359/YouTube-launches-Singapore-site |access-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021221603/https://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC111020-0000359/YouTube-launches-Singapore-site |archive-date=October 21, 2011}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Belgium]] | [[Belgian French|French]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[German language|German]] | style="text-align: right;" | November 16, 2011 | <ref name="local" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Colombia]] | [[Colombian Spanish|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | November 30, 2011 | <ref>[https://thenextweb.com/la/2011/12/01/youtube-launches-localized-website-for-columbia/ YouTube launches localized website for Colombia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910234415/https://thenextweb.com/la/2011/12/01/youtube-launches-localized-website-for-columbia/ |date=September 10, 2018 }} December 1, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2011.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Uganda]] | [[Ugandan English|English]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | style="text-align: right;" | December 2, 2011 | <ref>[https://pctechmagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1069:google-launches-youtube-uganda&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=162 Google Launches YouTube Uganda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104043549/https://pctechmagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1069%3Agoogle-launches-youtube-uganda&catid=1%3Alatest-news&Itemid=162 |date=January 4, 2012 }} December 2, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2012.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Nigeria]] | [[Nigerian Standard English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | December 7, 2011 | <ref>[https://www.techmtaa.com/2011/12/07/google-to-launch-youtube-nigeria-today/ Google to Launch YouTube Nigeria Today] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108001623/https://www.techmtaa.com/2011/12/07/google-to-launch-youtube-nigeria-today |date=January 8, 2012 }} December 7, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2012.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Chile]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 20, 2012 | <ref>[https://nextvlatam.com/index.php/5-otts/google-launches-youtube-chile/ Google launches YouTube Chile] March 19, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325080121/https://nextvlatam.com/index.php/5-otts/google-launches-youtube-chile/ |date=March 25, 2012 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Hungary]] | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] | style="text-align: right;" | February 29, 2012 | <ref>[https://kultura.hu/main.php?folderID=1094&articleID=323455&ctag=&iid=11 Google Launches Hungarian YouTube] March 12, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060628/https://kultura.hu/main.php?folderID=1094&articleID=323455&ctag=&iid=11 |date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Malaysia]] | [[Malaysian language|Malay]], [[Malaysian English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 22, 2012 | <ref>[https://www.webpronews.com/youtube-launches-local-domain-for-malaysia-2012-03 YouTube Launches Local Domain For Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010094750/https://www.webpronews.com/youtube-launches-local-domain-for-malaysia-2012-03/ |date=October 10, 2017 }} March 22, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2012.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Peru]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 25, 2012 | <ref>[https://www.webpronews.com/youtube-peru-launched-expansion-continues-2012-03 YouTube Peru Launched, Expansion continues] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010095458/https://www.webpronews.com/youtube-peru-launched-expansion-continues-2012-03/ |date=October 10, 2017 }} March 27, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2012.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[United Arab Emirates]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]], [[English language|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | April 1, 2012 | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emirates247.com/business/technology/uae-version-of-youtube-launched-2012-04-02-1.451741 |title=UAE version of YouTube launched |publisher=Emirates 247 |date=April 2, 2012 |access-date=February 14, 2014 |author=Bindu Suresh Rai |archive-date=February 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225032636/http://www.emirates247.com/business/technology/uae-version-of-youtube-launched-2012-04-02-1.451741 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Greece]] | [[Greek language|Greek]] | style="text-align: right;" | May 1, 2012 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Indonesia]] | [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[English language|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | May 17, 2012 | <ref>[https://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/youtube-launches-indonesian-version/524443 "YouTube Launches Indonesian Version"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060608/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/youtube-launches-indonesian-version/524443 |date=January 17, 2013 }}, June 15, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Ghana]] | [[English language|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 5, 2012 | <ref>[https://www.humanipo.com/blog/713/Google-launches-YouTube-in-Ghana "Google launches YouTube in Ghana"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624232254/https://www.humanipo.com/blog/713/Google-launches-YouTube-in-Ghana |date=June 24, 2012 }}, June 22, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Senegal]] | [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | July 4, 2012 | <ref>[https://www.telecompaper.com/news/youtube-launches-local-portal-in-senegal "YouTube launches local portal in Senegal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217112619/https://www.telecompaper.com/news/youtube-launches-local-portal-in-senegal |date=February 17, 2022 }}, <br /> {{note|media_type_table_note_3}}[3] itag 120 is for live streaming and has metadata referring to "Elemental Technologies Live". July 16, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2012.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Turkey]] | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 1, 2012 | <ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/86446--g "YouTube's Turkish version goes into service"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905100141/http://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/86446--g |date=September 5, 2015 }}, October 1, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Ukraine]] | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] | style="text-align: right;" | December 13, 2012 | <ref>{{cite news |first=Maryna |last=Tarasova |url=https://google-ukraine-blog.blogspot.com/2012/12/youtube.html |publisher=Google Ukraine Blog |title=YouTube приходить в Україну! (YouTube comes in Ukraine!) |date=December 13, 2012 |location=Ukraine |language=uk |access-date=February 17, 2022 |archive-date=August 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804014222/http://google-ukraine-blog.blogspot.com/2012/12/youtube.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Denmark]] | [[Danish language|Danish]] | style="text-align: right;" | February 1, 2013 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.iprospect.dk/youtube-lanceres-i-danmark |publisher=iProspect |title=YouTube lanceres i Danmark |access-date=April 17, 2013 |location=Denmark |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507094859/https://www.iprospect.dk/youtube-lanceres-i-danmark |archive-date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Finland]] | [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]] | style="text-align: right;" | February 1, 2013 | <ref>{{cite news |first=Vilja |last=Sormunen |url=https://www.klok.fi/blog/youtube-launches-in-the-nordics/ |publisher=KLOK |title=YouTube Launches in the Nordics |date=February 6, 2013 |access-date=February 11, 2013 |location=Nordic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728163345/https://www.klok.fi/blog/youtube-launches-in-the-nordics/ |archive-date=July 28, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Norway]] | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] | style="text-align: right;" | February 1, 2013 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tono.no/YouTube+lansert+i+Norge.12888.cms |publisher=[[TONO]] |title=YouTube Launched in Norway |access-date=April 17, 2013 |location=Norway |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420134320/https://www.tono.no/YouTube+lansert+i+Norge.12888.cms |archive-date=April 20, 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Switzerland]] | [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 29, 2013 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/YouTube_goes_Swiss.html?cid=35450210 |publisher=[[swissinfo]] |title=YouTube goes Swiss |access-date=April 17, 2013 |location=Swiss |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203070051/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/YouTube_goes_Swiss.html?cid=35450210 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Austria]] | [[German language|German]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 29, 2013 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wienerzeitung.at/themen_channel/wz_digital/digital_news/538498_YouTube.at-seit-Donnerstag-online.html |work=[[Wiener Zeitung]] |title=YouTube.at since Thursday online |access-date=April 17, 2013 |location=Austria |archive-date=May 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502151534/http://www.wienerzeitung.at/themen_channel/wz_digital/digital_news/538498_YouTube.at-seit-Donnerstag-online.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Romania]] | [[Romanian language|Romanian]] | style="text-align: right;" | April 18, 2013 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.zf.ro/zf-24/youtube-romania-se-lanseaza-intr-o-saptamana-10764820 |publisher=ZF.ro |title=Youtube România se lansează într-o săptămână |access-date=May 14, 2013 |location=Romania |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233402/http://www.zf.ro/zf-24/youtube-romania-se-lanseaza-intr-o-saptamana-10764820 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Portugal]] | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | style="text-align: right;" | April 25, 2013 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lusonoticias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27764:google-lanca-versao-lusa-do-youtube&catid=343&Itemid=159 |publisher=Luso Noticias |title=Google lança versão lusa do YouTube |access-date=May 14, 2013 |location=Portugal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003223/https://www.lusonoticias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27764:google-lanca-versao-lusa-do-youtube&catid=343&Itemid=159 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Slovakia]] | [[Slovak language|Slovak]] | style="text-align: right;" | April 25, 2013 | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://vat.pravda.sk/obraz-a-zvuk/clanok/281254-slovaci-uz-mozu-oficialne-zarabat-na-tvorbe-videi-pre-youtube/ |title=Slováci už môžu oficiálne zarábať na tvorbe videí pre YouTube |publisher=Vat Pravda |date=May 21, 2013 |access-date=February 14, 2014 |author=tš |language=sk |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403192145/https://vat.pravda.sk/obraz-a-zvuk/clanok/281254-slovaci-uz-mozu-oficialne-zarabat-na-tvorbe-videi-pre-youtube/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bahrain]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | August 16, 2013 | <ref name="gcc">{{cite web |url=https://www.tbreak.ae/news/youtube-expands-monetization-partnership-gcc |title=YouTube expands monetization and partnership in GCC |publisher=tbreak Media |date=September 16, 2013 |access-date=February 14, 2014 |last1=Rego |first1=Nick |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140213233858/http://www.tbreak.ae/news/youtube-expands-monetization-partnership-gcc |archive-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Kuwait]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | August 16, 2013 | <ref name="gcc" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Oman]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | August 16, 2013 | <ref name="gcc" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Qatar]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | August 16, 2013 | <ref name="gcc" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] | [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Bulgaria]] | [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://newtrend.bg/digital-company/youtube/youtube-reklama-bulgaria |title=YouTube рекламата става достъпна и за България |publisher=New Trend |date=March 18, 2014 |access-date=April 5, 2014 |author=Ивелина Атанасова |language=bg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407082809/https://newtrend.bg/digital-company/youtube/youtube-reklama-bulgaria |archive-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Croatia]] | [[Croatian language|Croatian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://liderpress.hr/poslovna-znanja/oglasavanje-na-video-platformi-youtube-od-sad-dostupno-i-u-hrvatskoj/ |title=Oglašavanje na video platformi YouTube od sad dostupno i u Hrvatskoj |publisher=Lider |date=March 19, 2014 |access-date=April 5, 2014 |language=hr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111014509/https://liderpress.hr/poslovna-znanja/oglasavanje-na-video-platformi-youtube-od-sad-dostupno-i-u-hrvatskoj/ |archive-date=January 11, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Estonia]] | [[Estonian language|Estonian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.meedium.ee/blog/youtube-reklaamid-eestis |title=Youtube reklaamid – uued võimalused nüüd ka Eestis! |publisher=Meedium |date=March 19, 2014 |access-date=April 5, 2014 |first=Siiri |last=Oden |language=et |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407094928/https://www.meedium.ee/blog/youtube-reklaamid-eestis |archive-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Latvia]] | [[Latvian language|Latvian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://marketing.lv/tagad-reklamas-iespejas-youtube-kanala-iespejams-izmantot-ari-latvija/ |title=Tagad reklāmas iespējas Youtube kanālā iespējams izmantot arī Latvijā |publisher=Marketing |date=March 18, 2014 |access-date=April 5, 2014 |author=Marta |language=lv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321170116/https://marketing.lv/tagad-reklamas-iespejas-youtube-kanala-iespejams-izmantot-ari-latvija/ |archive-date=March 21, 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Lithuania]] | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[North Macedonia]] | [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Montenegro]] | [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Serbia]] | [[Serbian language|Serbian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Slovenia]] | [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 17, 2014 | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnevnik.si/magazin/znanost-in-tehnologija/na-youtube-prihajajo-tudi-slovenski-video-oglasi |title=Na Youtube prihajajo tudi slovenski video oglasi |work=[[Dnevnik (Slovenia)|Dnevnik]] |date=March 18, 2014 |access-date=April 5, 2014 |author=STA |language=sl |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075431/http://www.dnevnik.si/magazin/znanost-in-tehnologija/na-youtube-prihajajo-tudi-slovenski-video-oglasi |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Thailand]] | [[Thai language|Thai]] | style="text-align: right;" | April 1, 2014 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/YouTube-introduces-homepage-especially-30230795.html |title=YouTube introduces homepage especially |newspaper=[[The Nation (Thailand)|The Nation]] |date=April 3, 2014 |access-date=April 4, 2014 |first=Asina |last=Pornwasin |archive-date=July 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725161948/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/YouTube-introduces-homepage-especially-30230795.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Lebanon]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | May 1, 2014 | <ref name="gcc" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Puerto Rico]] | [[Puerto Rican Spanish|Spanish]], [[American English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | August 23, 2014 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Iceland]] | [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] | style="text-align: right;" | 2014 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Luxembourg]] | [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]] | style="text-align: right;" | 2014 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Vietnam]] | [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 1, 2014 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Libya]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | February 1, 2015 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Tanzania]] | [[English language|English]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 2, 2015 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Zimbabwe]] | [[English language|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 2, 2015 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Azerbaijan]] | [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 12, 2015 | <ref name="adriatics baltics">{{cite web |url=https://9to5google.com/2015/10/12/youtube-global-7-new-countries/ |title=YouTube continues global expansion w/ versions of its site in 7 new locales |first=Stephen |last=Hall |publisher=9to5 Google |date=October 12, 2015 |access-date=March 18, 2016 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403120846/https://9to5google.com/2015/10/12/youtube-global-7-new-countries/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Belarus]] | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Russian language|Russian]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 12, 2015 | <ref name="adriatics baltics" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] | [[Georgian language|Georgian]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 12, 2015 | <ref name="adriatics baltics" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Kazakhstan]] | [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], [[Russian language|Russian]] | style="text-align: right;" | October 12, 2015 | <ref name="adriatics baltics" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Iraq]] | [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] | style="text-align: right;" | November 9, 2015 | {{citation needed|date=April 2018}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Nepal]] | [[Nepali language|Nepali]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 12, 2016 | <ref name="himalayan">{{cite news |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/entertainment/youtube-launches-specific-homepages-for-nepal-pakistan-sri-lanka/ |title=YouTube launches Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka-specific homepages |newspaper=[[The Himalayan Times]] |date=January 13, 2016 |access-date=January 31, 2016 |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331131306/https://thehimalayantimes.com/entertainment/youtube-launches-specific-homepages-for-nepal-pakistan-sri-lanka/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Pakistan]] | [[Urdu]], [[Pakistani English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 12, 2016 | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1026164/youtube-launches-country-specific-homepages-for-pakistan/ |title=YouTube launches country-specific homepage for Pakistan |newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=January 12, 2016 |access-date=January 31, 2016 |archive-date=January 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128170842/http://tribune.com.pk/story/1026164/youtube-launches-country-specific-homepages-for-pakistan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Sri Lanka]] | [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Sri Lankan English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 12, 2016 | <ref name="himalayan" /> |- ! scope="row" | [[Jamaica]] | [[Jamaican English|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | August 4, 2016 | {{citation needed|date=April 2018}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Malta]] | [[English language|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | June 19, 2018 | <ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube Launches Local Domain For Malta |url=https://www.maltachamber.org.mt/en/youtube-launches-local-domain-for-malta |access-date=February 15, 2023 |website=maltachamber.org.mt |language=en |archive-date=March 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307214942/https://www.maltachamber.org.mt/en/youtube-launches-local-domain-for-malta |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Bolivia]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 30, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Costa Rica]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 30, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Ecuador]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 30, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[El Salvador]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 30, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Guatemala]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 30, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Honduras]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 30, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Nicaragua]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 30, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Panama]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 30, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Uruguay]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | January 30, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Paraguay]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Guarani language|Guarani]] | style="text-align: right;" | February 21, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Dominican Republic]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | February 21, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Cyprus]] | [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 13, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[German language|German]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 13, 2019 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Venezuela]] |[[Spanish language|Spanish]] | style="text-align: right;" | March 10, 2020 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Papua New Guinea]] | [[English language|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | 2020 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Bangladesh]] |[[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]] | style="text-align: right;" | September 2, 2020 | {{citation needed|date=September 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Cambodia]] | [[Khmer language|Khmer]] | style="text-align: right;" | August 25, 2022 | {{citation needed|date=October 2022}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Laos]] |[[Lao language|Lao]] | style="text-align: right;" | August 25, 2022 | {{citation needed|date=October 2022}} |} [[File:YouTube Localisation.svg|600px|thumb|center|Locations where YouTube is localized]] The YouTube interface suggests which local version should be chosen based on the IP address of the user. In some cases, the message "This video is not available in your country" may appear because of copyright restrictions or inappropriate content.<ref>{{cite web |title=Learn More: Video not available in my country |url=https://www.google.com/support/youtube/bin/answer.py?hl=en-uk&answer=92571 |access-date=August 4, 2009 |archive-date=December 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203001609/http://www.google.com/support/youtube/bin/answer.py?hl=en-uk&answer=92571 |url-status=live }}</ref> The interface of the YouTube website is available in 76 language versions, including Amharic, Albanian, Armenian, Burmese, Haitian Creole, Kyrgyz, Malagasy, Mongolian, Persian, Samoan, Somali and Uzbek, which do not have local channel versions. Access to YouTube was blocked in [[Turkey]] between 2008 and 2010, following controversy over the posting of videos deemed insulting to [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] and some material offensive to Muslims.<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey lifts two-year ban on YouTube |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11659816 |date=October 30, 2010 |access-date=October 3, 2012 |archive-date=April 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408224644/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11659816 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Turks censor YouTube censorship |last1=Danforth |first1=Nick |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/30/ED68191LKM.DTL |date=July 31, 2009 |access-date=August 4, 2009 |archive-date=March 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304121851/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/30/ED68191LKM.DTL |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2012, a local version of YouTube was launched in Turkey, with the domain <code>youtube.com.tr</code>. The local version is subject to the content regulations found in Turkish law.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dara |last=Kerr |title=YouTube cedes to Turkey and uses local Web domain |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/youtube-cedes-to-turkey-and-uses-local-web-domain/ |publisher=[[CNET]] |date=October 2, 2012 |access-date=March 25, 2017 |archive-date=March 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312054330/http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57524907-93/youtube-cedes-to-turkey-and-uses-local-web-domain/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2009, a dispute between YouTube and the British royalty collection agency [[PRS for Music]] led to premium music videos being blocked for YouTube users in the United Kingdom. The removal of videos posted by the major record companies occurred after failure to reach an agreement on a licensing deal. The dispute was resolved in September 2009.<ref>{{cite news |first=Emma |last=Barnett |title=Music videos back on YouTube in multi-million pound PRS deal |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/6127624/Music-videos-back-on-YouTube-in-multi-million-pound-PRS-deal.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/6127624/Music-videos-back-on-YouTube-in-multi-million-pound-PRS-deal.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=September 3, 2009 |access-date=March 26, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In April 2009, a similar dispute led to the removal of premium music videos for users in Germany.<ref>{{cite news |title=Now YouTube stops the music in Germany |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2009/apr/01/youtube-digital-music-and-audio |date=April 1, 2009 |access-date=April 2, 2009 |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331144358/https://www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2009/apr/01/youtube-digital-music-and-audio |url-status=live }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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