United States Capitol rotunda

==Statues==
[[File:USCapitolBuildingRotunda.jpg|thumb|Floor plan showing locations of rotunda paintings, statues and busts in 1978 (prior to the Truman, Eisenhower, Ford, and Reagan statues, King bust, and Women's Suffrage Monument).]]

===From the Statuary Hall Collection===
Among the group of eleven statues currently encircling the rotunda against the wall at floor level are seven from the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]]:

*''[[George Washington (Houdon)|George Washington]]'', in bronze, from [[Virginia]], by [[Jean Antoine Houdon]] (copy cast in 1934).
*''[[Andrew Jackson (National Statuary Hall Collection)|Andrew Jackson]]'' in bronze, from [[Tennessee]], by Belle Kinney Sholz and Leopold F. Sholz, in 1928.
*''[[Statue of James A. Garfield (U.S. Capitol)|James Garfield]]'' in marble, from [[Ohio]], by [[Charles Niehaus]] in 1886.
*''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower (Brothers)|Dwight D. Eisenhower]]'' in bronze, from [[Kansas]], by [[Jim Brothers]] in 2003.
*''[[Ronald Reagan (Fagan)|Ronald Reagan]]'' in bronze, from [[California]], by [[Chas Fagan]] in 2009.
*''[[Statue of Gerald Ford|Gerald Ford]]'' in bronze, from [[Michigan]], by J. Brett Grill in 2011.<ref>{{cite news| first=  Catalina |last=Camia |url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2011/05/gerald-ford-statue-dedicated-us-capitol-/1 | title= Gerald Ford honored with statue in U.S. Capitol |work=USA Today | date=May 3, 2011|access-date=June 11, 2013}}</ref>
*''[[Statue of Harry S. Truman|Harry S. Truman]]'' in bronze, from [[Missouri]], by Tom Corbin in 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/harry-s-truman-statue | title=Harry S. Truman Statue, U.S. Capitol for Missouri &#124; AOC }}</ref>

These seven statues representing the presidents will remain in the rotunda indefinitely or until an act of Congress.
[[File:Vinnie Ream - Lincoln.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|left|''[[Statue of Abraham Lincoln (U.S. Capitol)|Abraham Lincoln]]'' (1871, marble) by [[Vinnie Ream]]]]

===George Washington===
A statue of [[George Washington (Houdon)|George Washington]] – a copy after French neo-classical sculptor [[Jean-Antoine Houdon]]'s 1790 full-length marble in the [[Virginia State Capitol]] – holds a prominent place. [[William James Hubard]] created a plaster copy after Houdon, that stood in the Rotunda from the late-1850s to 1934. It is now in the [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]].<ref>[http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!112695~!23&ri=19&aspect=basic&menu=search&source=~!siartinventories&profile=ariall George Washington (sculpture)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202062513/http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!112695~!23&ri=19&aspect=basic&menu=search&source=~!siartinventories&profile=ariall |date=February 2, 2016 }}, from Smithsonian Institution Research Information System.</ref> The present bronze copy replaced Hubard's plaster copy in 1934.<ref>[http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1453LY5809O31.120991&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!4801~!22&ri=3&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Houdon,+Jean+Antoine,+1741-1828,+sculptor.+(copy+after)&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=3 George Washington (sculpture)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202103619/http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1453LY5809O31.120991&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!4801~!22&ri=3&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Houdon,+Jean+Antoine,+1741-1828,+sculptor.+(copy+after)&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=3 |date=February 2, 2016 }}, from SIRIS.</ref>

[[File:Garfield NSHC.jpg|thumb|160px|''[[Statue of James A. Garfield (U.S. Capitol)|James Garfield]]'' by [[Charles Henry Niehaus|Charles Niehaus]]]]

===James Garfield===
James Garfield was the last American president to be born in a log cabin. Sculptor Niehaus returned to America in 1881 and by virtue of being a native Ohioan was commissioned to sculpt a monument to the recently assassinated President [[James Garfield]], who was also from Ohio.

[[File:Mlk bust.jpg|thumb|160px|[[Martin Luther King, Jr. (Wilson)|Martin Luther King, Jr.]], is one of two African-Americans honored with a bust in the United States Capitol.]]

===Bust of Martin Luther King, Jr.===
{{main|Martin Luther King Jr. (Wilson sculpture)}}
The bust of his head and shoulders is {{convert|36|in|cm|0}} high and stands on a pyramidal Belgian black marble base that is {{convert|66|in|cm|0}} high. Because the bust would be such an important and visible work of art, the Joint Committee on the Library decided to have a national competition to select a sculptor.

On December 21, 1982, the Congress passed House Concurrent Resolution 153, which directed the procurement of a marble bust "to serve to memorialize King's contributions on such matters as the historic legislation of the 1960s affecting civil rights and the right to vote". Senator [[Charles Mathias, Jr.]], chairman of the [[United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library|Joint Committee on the Library]], the congressional committee overseeing the procurement, said at the unveiling that "Martin Luther King takes his rightful place among the heroes of this nation."

[[John Woodrow Wilson]], the artist was awarded a $50,000 commission to cast the model in bronze. The bust was unveiled in the Rotunda on January 16, 1986, the fifty-seventh anniversary of King's birth, by Mrs. King, accompanied by their four children and King's sister.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/mlk_bust.cfm |title=Martin Luther King, Jr |access-date=June 30, 2006 |archive-date=June 28, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060628205108/http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/mlk_bust.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Women's suffrage===
This group portrait monument is known formally as the ''[[Portrait Monument|Portrait Monument to Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony]]'', pioneers of the [[History of women's suffrage in the United States|women's suffrage movement in the United States]]. Their efforts, and the work of later suffrage activists like [[Alice Paul]], eventually led to the passage of the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|19th Amendment]] in 1920. The work was sculpted by [[Adelaide Johnson]] (1859–1955) from a {{convert|16000|lb|adj=on}} block of [[marble]] in [[Carrara]], [[Italy]]. The portraits are copies of the individual busts she carved for the Court of Honor of the Woman's Building at the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in 1893. The detailed busts are surrounded by rough-hewn marble at the top of the sculpture. This part of the statue, according to some, is left unfinished representing the unfinished work of women's rights. Contrary to a popular story, the intention was not that it be completed upon the ascension of the first female President — the rough-hewn section is too small to carry a proportional bust. The monument was presented to the Capitol as a gift from the women of the United States by the National Woman's Party and was accepted on behalf of Congress by the Joint Committee on the Library on February 10, 1921. The unveiling ceremony was held in the Rotunda on February 15, 1921, the 101st anniversary of the birth of Susan B. Anthony, and was attended by representatives of over 70 women's organizations. Shortly after its unveiling, however, the statue was moved into the Capitol Crypt. It remained on display there for 75 years, until HCR 216 ordered it moved to the Rotunda. The statue was placed in its current location, in the Rotunda, in May 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/rotunda/suffrage.cfm|title = Portrait Monument to Suffrage Pioneers &#124; AOC}}</ref>
<gallery>
File:PortraitMonument.jpg|The ''[[Portrait Monument]]'' (1920)
File:PortraitMonumentImage01.jpg|l. to r.: [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]], [[Lucretia Mott]], [[Susan B. Anthony]]
File:Portrait Monument Video 01.webmhd.webm|Video 1
File:PortraitMonument02.webmhd.webm|Video 2
</gallery>

===Other statuary and artifacts===
In addition to the National Statuary Hall Collection and the memorial statuary, there are a number of other pieces in the Rotunda. Next to the south entrance, opposite the statue of George Washington, is [[Statue of Thomas Jefferson (David d'Angers)|a bronze statue]] of [[Thomas Jefferson]] with the Declaration of Independence. Sculpted by [[David d'Angers]], it was donated by [[Uriah P. Levy]] and is the only work of art in the Capitol given by a private donor.<ref name=Usofsky>{{cite journal |first1=Melvin I. |last1=Usofsky |title=The Levy Family and Monticello |journal=[[Virginia Quarterly Review]] |date=Summer 2002 |pages=395–412 }}</ref>

At the west entrance, are marble statues of General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] and President [[Abraham Lincoln]]. The [[Statue of Abraham Lincoln (U.S. Capitol)|Lincoln statue]] was a commissioned by Congress and designed by [[Vinnie Ream]]. [[Statue of Ulysses S. Grant (U.S. Capitol)|The statue of Grant]] was sculpted by [[Franklin Simmons]] and was a gift to Congress by the [[Grand Army of the Republic]].