Tibet

=== Rise of Ganden Phodrang and Buddhist Gelug school ===
{{Main|Ganden Phodrang}}
In 1578, [[Altan Khan]] of the [[Tümed]] Mongols gave [[3rd Dalai Lama|Sonam Gyatso]], a high lama of the Gelugpa school, the name ''[[Dalai Lama]]'', ''Dalai'' being the Mongolian translation of the Tibetan name ''Gyatso'' "Ocean".<ref>Laird 2006, pp. 142–143.</ref>

The [[5th Dalai Lama]] (1617-1682) is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the [[Gelug]] school of [[Tibetan Buddhism]], after defeating the rival [[Kagyu]] and [[Jonang]] sects and the secular ruler, the [[Tsangpa]] prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from [[Güshi Khan]], the [[Oirats|Oirat]] leader of the [[Khoshut Khanate]]. With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord, the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the ''Lhasa state''. This Tibetan regime or government is also referred to as the [[Ganden Phodrang]].