New Zealand

===Climate===
{{main|Climate of New Zealand}}
[[File:Christchurch Botanic Gardens in autumn.jpg|thumb|right|Autumn in [[Christchurch]] ([[Christchurch Botanic Gardens|Botanic Gardens]] pictured)]]
New Zealand's climate is predominantly<!--with some variations noted--> temperate [[Oceanic climate|maritime]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Cfb), with mean annual temperatures ranging from {{convert|10|°C|0|abbr=on}} in the south to {{convert|16|°C|0|abbr=on}} in the north.<ref name="Mullan2009">{{cite book |first1=Brett |last1=Mullan |first2=Andrew |last2=Tait |first3=Craig |last3=Thompson |chapter=Climate – New Zealand's climate |title=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |date=March 2009 |chapter-url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/climate/1 |access-date=15 January 2011 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065000/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/climate/1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Historical [[maxima and minima]] are {{convert|42.4|°C|2|abbr=on}} in [[Rangiora]], [[Canterbury Region|Canterbury]] and {{convert|-25.6|°C|2|abbr=on}} in [[Ranfurly, New Zealand|Ranfurly]], [[Otago]].<ref name="niwa">{{cite web |url=http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/extreme |title=Summary of New Zealand climate extremes |publisher=[[National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research]] |date=2004 |access-date=30 April 2010 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925113200/https://niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/extreme |url-status=live }}</ref> Conditions vary sharply across regions from extremely wet on the [[West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast]] of the South Island to [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] in [[Central Otago]] and the [[Mackenzie Basin]] of inland Canterbury and [[subtropical]] in [[Northland Peninsula|Northland]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Carl |last=Walrond |chapter=Natural environment – Climate |title=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |date=March 2009 |chapter-url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/natural-environment/3 |access-date=15 January 2011 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120165411/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/natural-environment/3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Orange |first=Claudia |author-link=Claudia Orange |chapter=Northland region |date=1 May 2015 |title=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |chapter-url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/northland-region/ |access-date=4 May 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811035809/https://teara.govt.nz/en/northland-region |url-status=live }}</ref> Of the seven largest cities, [[Christchurch]] is the driest, receiving on average only {{convert|618|mm|in}} of rain per year and Wellington the wettest, receiving almost twice that amount.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.niwa.co.nz/__data/assets/file/0006/44268/rain.xls |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110503221956/http://www.niwa.co.nz/__data/assets/file/0006/44268/rain.xls |archive-date=3 May 2011|title=Mean monthly rainfall |publisher=[[National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research]] |format=[[Microsoft Excel file format|XLS]] |access-date=4 February 2011}}</ref> Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch all receive a yearly average of more than 2,000 hours of sunshine. The southern and southwestern parts of the South Island have a cooler and cloudier climate, with around 1,400–1,600 hours; the northern and northeastern parts of the South Island are the sunniest areas of the country and receive about 2,400–2,500 hours.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.niwascience.co.nz/__data/assets/file/0006/44655/sunshine.xls |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081015102420/http://www.niwascience.co.nz/__data/assets/file/0006/44655/sunshine.xls |archive-date=15 October 2008 |title=Mean monthly sunshine hours |publisher=[[National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research]] |format=[[Microsoft Excel file format|XLS]] |access-date=4 February 2011}}</ref> The general snow season is early June until early October, though [[cold snap]]s can occur outside this season.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Zealand climate and weather |url=http://www.newzealand.com/int/feature/new-zealand-climate-and-weather/ |publisher=Tourism New Zealand |access-date=13 November 2016 |archive-date=20 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020182725/http://www.newzealand.com/int/feature/new-zealand-climate-and-weather/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Snowfall is common in the eastern and southern parts of the South Island and mountain areas across the country.<ref name="Mullan2009" />
<!---As prose text is preferred overly detailed data charts and diagrams such as weather data boxes, population charts and past elections results etc should be reserved for main sub articles on the topic as per WP:DETAIL.--->
{|class="wikitable collapsible sortable"  style="text-align:right;"
|+Average daily temperatures and rainfall for selected towns and cities of New Zealand<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate |title=Climate data and activities |publisher=[[National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research]] |access-date=11 February 2016 |date=28 February 2007 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107073139/https://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate%0a |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!Location
!January high<br />°C (°F)
!January low<br />°C (°F)
!July high<br />°C (°F)
!July low<br />°C (°F)
!Annual rainfall<br />mm (in)
|-
|[[Auckland]] ||{{Convert|23|C|F|abbr=values}}||{{Convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}||{{Convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}||{{Convert|8|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|1212|mm|in|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Wellington]] ||{{Convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}||{{Convert|14|C|F|0|abbr=values}}||{{Convert|11|C|F|abbr=values}}||{{Convert|6|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|1207|mm|in|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Hokitika]]
|{{Convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|12|C|F|0|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|12|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|3|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|2901|mm|in|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Christchurch]]||{{Convert|23|C|F|abbr=values}}||{{Convert|12|C|F|0|abbr=values}}||{{Convert|11|C|F|abbr=values}}||{{Convert|2|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|618|mm|in|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Alexandra, New Zealand|Alexandra]]
|{{Convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|11|C|F|0|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|8|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|-2|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{Convert|359|mm|in|abbr=values}}
|}