Emmerson Mnangagwa

=== Imprisonment: 1965–1975 ===
In late 1964, Mnangagwa blew up a train near Fort Victoria (now [[Masvingo]]), and was arrested by police inspectors in January 1965 at the Highfield home of Michael Mawema, who may have given them his location.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":28" /><ref name=":21" /><ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundaymail.co.zw/chimurenga-ii-chroniclestorture-death-love-in-prison/|title=Chimurenga II Chronicles: Torture, death & love in prison|last1=Huni|first1=Munyaradzi|last2=Manzvanzvike|first2=Tendai|date=2016-04-03|website=The Sunday Mail|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> He was given over to the [[Special Branch#Rhodesia|Rhodesia Special Branch]], which tortured him by hanging him upside down and beating him, an ordeal that reportedly caused him to lose hearing in his left ear.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":21" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Unspeakable Acts, Ordinary People: The Dynamics of Torture|author=Conroy, John|publisher=Knopf|year=2000|isbn=978-0-679-41918-1|location=New York|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NM_y3jOKzx8C&pg=PA176 176]}}</ref> He was convicted under Section 37(1)(b) of the [[Law and Order Maintenance Act]] and sentenced to death,<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":21" /><ref name=":23" /> but his lawyers successfully argued that he was under 21, the minimum age for execution.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":21" /><ref name=":23" /> Depending on which birth year is accepted for Mnangagwa, this claim might have been a lie.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":17"/><ref name=":15" /> Other sources state that a priest intervened on his behalf,<ref name=":2"/> or that he avoided execution because he was Zambian, not because of his age.<ref name=":17" /> Whatever the reason, Mnangagwa was instead sentenced to ten years in prison.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":15" /><ref name=":23" />

Mnangagwa served the first year of his sentence in [[Harare Central Prison|Salisbury Central Prison]], followed by [[Grey Street Prison]] in [[Bulawayo]], and finally [[Khami Maximum Security Prison]] in Bulawayo, where he arrived on 13 August 1966 and spent the next six years and eight months.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":21" /> At Khami, he was given the number 841/66 and classified as "D" class, reserved for those considered most dangerous, and was held with other political prisoners, whom the government kept in a separate block of cells away from other inmates out of fear that they would influence them ideologically.<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":23" /> Mnangagwa's cell, Cell 42, was in "B" Hall, which also housed future Vice-President [[Kembo Mohadi]] and the journalist [[Willie Musarurwa]].<ref name=":21" />

Mnangagwa's cell at Khami was austere, with double-thick walls and only a toilet bucket and Bible allowed inside.<ref name=":21" /> At first, while still on death row, he was allowed to leave his cell for only 15 minutes per day, during which he was expected to exercise, empty his toilet bucket, and have a shower in the communal washroom.<ref name=":21" /> The [[Rhodesia Prison Service]] maintained different facilities and rules for white and black prisoners, the latter being subject to significantly inferior conditions.<ref name=":21" /> Black inmates were given just two sets of clothes and were fed plain [[sadza]] and vegetables for every meal.<ref name=":21" /> During his first four years at Khami, Mnangagwa was assigned to hard labour.<ref name=":23" /> After [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]] representatives visited the prison and complained to the government about the poor conditions of political prisoners, conditions were eased somewhat.<ref name=":23" /> Mnangagwa was then allowed to volunteer as a tailor, as he knew how to use a sewing machine.<ref name=":23" /> After two years mending inmates' clothes, he was made to rejoin other prisoners in hard labour, which involved crushing rocks in a large pit in the prison yard.<ref name=":23" />

Mnangagwa was discharged from Khami on 6 January 1972 and transferred back to Salisbury Central Prison, where he was detained alongside other revolutionaries, including Mugabe, Nkala, Nyagumbo, Tekere and [[Didymus Mutasa]].<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":21" /><ref name=":23" /> There, he befriended Mugabe and attended his prison classes, after which he passed his [[GCE Ordinary Level|O-Levels]] and [[A-Level]]s.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":10" /> Together, they studied law via [[Correspondence law school|correspondence]] courses.<ref name=":8" /> Mnangagwa initially wanted to pursue a [[Bachelor of Science]] in [[economics]], but instead decided to study law. In 1972, he took his final examinations for a [[Bachelor of Laws]] through the [[University of London International Programmes]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/06/robert-mugabe-fires-vice-president-zimbabwes-succession-battle/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/06/robert-mugabe-fires-vice-president-zimbabwes-succession-battle/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Robert Mugabe fires vice president as Zimbabwe's succession battle intensifies|last=Thornycroft|first=Peta|date=6 November 2017|work=[[The Telegraph (UK)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Mnangagwa and his lawyers discovered a loophole that would allow him to be deported after his release if he claimed to be Zambian.<ref name=":23" /> Even after his ten-year sentence expired, he remained in prison for several months while his papers were being processed.<ref name=":23" /> In 1975, after more than ten years in prison, including three in solitary confinement, he was released and deported to Zambia, where his parents were still living.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":28" /><ref name=":21" /><ref name=":23" /> He was brought to the [[Livingstone, Zambia|Livingstone]] border post and handed over to Zambian police, after which a ZANLA representative met him at the [[Victoria Falls Bridge]] and took him to Lusaka.<ref name=":13" />