Doctor of Philosophy Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Requirements == [[File:BJCroome UCT PhD Graduation 2008.jpg|thumb|A [[South Africa|South African]] PhD graduate (on right, wearing ceremonial gown)]] Detailed requirements for the award of a PhD degree vary throughout the world and even from school to school. It is usually required for the student to hold an [[Honours degree]] or a [[Master's degree]] with high academic standing, in order to be considered for a PhD program.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} In the US, Canada, India, and Denmark, for example, many universities require coursework in addition to research for PhD degrees. In other countries (such as the UK) there is generally no such condition, though this varies by university and field.<ref>Indeed there is a 'new route' to the PhD in some UK institutions where in an individual may complete a series of postgraduate level taught courses as a part of the doctoral programme. This is called the 'New Route PhD', an integrated PhD that resembles somewhat the American PhD program. For a list of programmes and institutions offering the 'new route' see http://www.newroutephd.ac.uk/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706142804/http://www.newroutephd.ac.uk/ |date=6 July 2014 }}</ref> Some individual universities or departments specify additional requirements for students not already in possession of a [[bachelor's degree]] or equivalent or higher. In order to submit a successful PhD admission application, copies of academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, a research proposal, and a personal statement are often required. Most universities also invite for a special interview before admission. A candidate must submit a project, [[thesis|thesis, or dissertation]] often consisting of a body of original academic research, which is in principle worthy of publication in a [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] context.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Moreover, some PhD programs, especially in science, require one to three published articles in peer-reviewed journals. In many countries, a candidate must [[Thesis defense|defend]] this work before a panel of expert examiners appointed by the university; in other countries, the dissertation is examined by a panel of expert examiners who stipulate whether the dissertation is in principle passable and any issues that need to be addressed before the dissertation can be passed. Some universities in the non-[[English language|English]]-speaking world have begun adopting similar standards to those of the anglophone PhD degree for their research doctorates (see the [[Bologna process]]).<ref>The term "doctor of philosophy" is not always applied by those countries to graduates in disciplines other than [[philosophy]] itself. These doctoral degrees, however, are sometimes identified in English as PhD degrees.</ref> A PhD student or candidate is conventionally required to study on campus under close supervision. With the popularity of distance education and e-learning technologies, some universities now accept students enrolled into a distance education part-time mode. In a "[[sandwich degree|sandwich]] PhD" program, PhD candidates do not spend their entire study period at the same university. Instead, the PhD candidates spend the first and last periods of the program at their home universities and in between conduct research at another institution or [[field research]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2012 |title=Categories of PhD Candidates |url=https://www.wur.nl/en/Education-Programmes/PhD-Programme/Categories-of-PhD-Candidates.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126092704/https://www.wur.nl/en/Education-Programmes/PhD-Programme/Categories-of-PhD-Candidates.htm |archive-date=26 November 2018 |access-date=26 November 2018 |website=Wageningen University}}; {{cite web | url = http://www.rug.nl/fmns-research/career/PhDScholarships/GrantsPhD | title = PhD scholarship programmes | work = University of Groningen Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science | date = 7 January 2010 }}; {{cite web | url = http://www.informatik.uni-kl.de/en/studium/studiengaenge/promprog/sandwichprom | title = Sandwich PhD | work = echnissche Universitat Kaiserslautern }}</ref> Occasionally a "sandwich PhD" will be awarded by two universities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2012 |title=Higher education: Agreement reached with Glasgow for 'sandwich' PhD |work=Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/334682/higher-education-agreement-reached-with-glasgow-for-sandwich-phd/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212163326/http://tribune.com.pk/story/334682/higher-education-agreement-reached-with-glasgow-for-sandwich-phd/ |archive-date=12 February 2012}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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