Chambersburg, Pennsylvania

==== July 30, 1864 devastation ====
[[File:View of the ruins of Chambersburg by Charles L. Lochman.jpg|thumb|800px|center|View of the ruins of Chambersburg, by Charles L. Lochman, 1864]]
The following year, Chambersburg was invaded for a third time, as cavalry, dispatched from the [[Shenandoah Valley]] by [[Jubal Early]], arrived.<ref name="Valley">{{cite web | url = http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/HIUS403/frhome/home.html| archive-url = https://archive.today/20070713121740/http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/HIUS403/frhome/home.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = 2007-07-13|title = War Comes Home, Chambersburg 1864|publisher=[[The Valley of the Shadow]]|  access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> On July 30, 1864, a large portion of the town was burned down by Confederate [[History of Confederate States Army Generals#Brigadier general|Brig. Gen.]] [[John McCausland]] for failing to provide a ransom of $500,000 in U.S. currency, or $100,000 in gold. The local bank had sent its reserves out of town for safekeeping.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/documents_from_1776_-_1865/20424/chambersburg_war_damages/998581|title=Chambersburg War Damages|publisher=www.portal.state.pa.us|date=1866-03-19|access-date = 2015-05-05 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150210140651/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/documents_from_1776_-_1865/20424/chambersburg_war_damages/998581|archive-date = February 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/memory/search/browseMemory.php?xml=/db/valley/memoryarticles/FM0066.xml| archive-url=https://archive.today/20070713164308/http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/memory/search/browseMemory.php?xml=/db/valley/memoryarticles/FM0066.xml| url-status=dead| archive-date=2007-07-13|title =Franklin County: "The Burning of Chambersburg,"|publisher=valley.vcdh.virginia.edu|  date =1870-08-27|  access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref><ref name="JeffersonDavis">
{{cite book
  | last       = Davis  | first      = Jefferson  | author-link = Jefferson Davis
  | title      = Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (Volume II)
  | publisher = [[Da Capo Press]] | orig-year = 1881, published by D. Appleton and Company |year = 1990
  | location   = New York  | pages      = [https://archive.org/details/riseandfallconf03davigoog/page/n591 532]–533
  | url        = https://archive.org/details/riseandfallconf03davigoog
  | quote      = Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.  | isbn        =  0-306-80418-2}}</ref>
Among the few buildings left standing was the [[Masonic Temple (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)|Masonic Temple]], which had been guarded under orders by a Confederate member of the Masons.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-202|title =Burning of Chambersburg|publisher=explorepahistory.com|  access-date = 2012-02-21 }}</ref>  ''Norland'', the home of Republican politician and editor [[Alexander McClure]], was burned although it was well north of the main fire. Early had ordered the ransom as compensation for those residents of the [[Shenandoah Valley]] whose homes has been burned by Union Brig.-Gen. [[David Hunter]]. He also burned the [[Virginia Military Institute]].<ref>[https://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-202 Burning of Chambersburg Historical Marker]</ref>
According to McCausland report the only death occurred when one of his soldiers was killed in the vicinity of the town after his troops left and no citizens lost their lives.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/historyoffrankli00bate/page/382/mode/2up History of Franklin County .p.383]</ref> One black Chambersburg resident was burned to death when Confederates set his house on fire and then refused to allow him to leave, trapping him in the flames. Another man was asked by the Confederates if he had ever educated "niggers"; after replying that he had, the Confederates burned his house down.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadconfederates.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/slavehunt.pdf |title=A Regular Slave Hunt |first=Ted |last=Alexander |access-date=April 29, 2015 |volume=4 |number=7 |work=North & South |date=September 2001 |page=88 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429030950/https://deadconfederates.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/slavehunt.pdf |archive-date=April 29, 2015 }}</ref> Subsequently, "Remember Chambersburg" became a Union battle cry.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1973/5/1973_5_36.shtml |title=Burning of Chambersburg |magazine=[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] Magazine |date=August 1973 |author=Liva Baker |access-date=2007-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102522/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1973/5/1973_5_36.shtml |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The Property damage was $713,294.34 + Personal Property damage was $915,137,24 totaling $1,628,431.58 of which 50% was paid by State approbation, first by an Act of Legislature  Feb 15, 1866, $500,000.00 and the second under the Act of Legislation May 27, 1871; under the last named act claiments [numbering 650] each had a certificate for amount of his loss but claims payable only when said claims were paid by the  United States Government <ref>[https://archive.org/details/historyoffrankli00bate/page/390/mode/2up History of Franklin County Pennsylvania .p.390]</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="165px">
File:John Brown portrait, 1859.jpg|John Brown in 1859
File:Alexander Kelly McClure (cropped).jpg|Alexander K. McClure
File:The photographic history of the Civil War - thousands of scenes photographed 1861-65, with text by many special authorities (1911) (14782791043).jpg|J.E.B. Stuart
File:JMcCausland.jpg|Gen. John McCausland
File:JubalEarly.jpeg| Lieut. Gen. Jubal Early, who ordered Chambersburg burned
</gallery>