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AdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text===20th century=== [[File:Baltimore Fire 1904 - West from Pratt and Gay Streets 3a.jpg|thumb|The [[Great Baltimore Fire]] in 1904 photographed from [[Pratt Street|Pratt]] and [[Gay Street (Baltimore)|Gay]] streets in Baltimore; the fire destroyed over 1,500 Baltimore buildings in 30 hours.]] On February 7, 1904, the [[Great Baltimore Fire]] destroyed over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours, leaving more than 70 blocks of the downtown area burned to the ground. Damages were estimated at $150 million in 1904 dollars.<ref>{{cite press release|title=A Howling Inferno: The Great Baltimore Fire|date=January 12, 2004|publisher=Johns Hopkins University|url=http://www.jhu.edu/news/audio-video/fire.html|access-date=March 17, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719221414/http://www.jhu.edu/news/audio-video/fire.html|archive-date=July 19, 2011}}</ref> As the city rebuilt during the next two years, lessons learned from the fire led to improvements in firefighting equipment standards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firemuseummd.org/thegreatbaltimorefireof1904.htm|title=Legacy of the Fire|first=Pete|year=2009|publisher=The Fire Museum of Maryland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121228/http://www.firemuseummd.org/thegreatbaltimorefireof1904.htm|archive-date=October 3, 2011|access-date=March 18, 2011|last=Petersen}}</ref> Baltimore lawyer Milton Dashiell advocated for an ordinance to bar African-Americans from moving into the [[Eutaw Place]] neighborhood in northwest Baltimore. He proposed to recognize majority white residential blocks and majority black residential blocks and to prevent people from moving into housing on such blocks where they would be a minority. The Baltimore Council passed the ordinance, and it became law on December 20, 1910, with Democratic [[J. Barry Mahool|Mayor J. Barry Mahool]]'s signature.<ref name=power>{{cite journal|author=Power, Garrett|title=Apartheid Baltimore Style: the Residential Segregation Ordinances of 1910–1913|journal=Maryland Law Review|volume=42|issue=2|url=http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2498&context=mlr|year=1983|pages=299–300}}</ref> The Baltimore segregation ordinance was the first of its kind in the United States. Many other southern cities followed with their own segregation ordinances, though the US Supreme Court ruled against them in ''[[Buchanan v. Warley]]'' (1917).<ref>Power (1983), p. 289.</ref> The city grew in area by annexing new suburbs from the surrounding counties through 1918, when the city acquired portions of Baltimore County and [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel County]].<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nVKAAAAYAAJ&q=Baltimore+City+line+1918&pg=PA769| title=The annotated code of the public civil laws of Maryland, Volume 4| editor=George P. Bagby| year=1918| publisher=King Bros., Printers and Publishers| page=769}}</ref> A state constitutional amendment, approved in 1948, required a special vote of the citizens in any proposed annexation area, effectively preventing any future expansion of the city's boundaries.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Baltimore seals its borders| last=Duffy| first=James| date=December 2007| work=[[Baltimore (magazine)|Baltimore]] | pages=124–27}}</ref> [[Streetcar]]s enabled the development of distant neighborhoods areas such as [[Edmondson, Baltimore|Edmonson Village]] whose residents could easily commute to work downtown.<ref>Orser (1994), pp. 21–30.</ref> Driven by migration from the [[deep South]] and by [[white flight|white suburbanization]], the relative size of the city's [[African American|black]] population grew from 23.8% in 1950 to 46.4% in 1970.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vhc9YTPkYwYC&pg=PA142 Alabaster cities: urban U.S. since 1950]''. John R. Short (2006). [[Syracuse University Press]]. p.142. {{ISBN|0-8156-3105-7}}</ref> Encouraged by real estate [[blockbusting]] techniques, recently settled white areas rapidly became all-black neighborhoods, in a rapid process which was nearly total by 1970.<ref>Orser (1994), pp. 84–94.</ref> The [[Baltimore riot of 1968]], coinciding with [[King assassination riots|uprisings in other cities]], followed the [[assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.]] on April 4, 1968. Public order was not restored until April 12, 1968. The Baltimore uprising cost the city an estimated $10 million (US$ {{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|10|1968|r=0}}}} million in {{CURRENTYEAR}}). A total of 12,000 Maryland National Guard and federal troops were ordered into the city.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://archives.ubalt.edu/bsr/timeline.htm| title=Baltimore '68 Events Timeline| work=Baltimore 68: riots and Rebirth| publisher=University of Baltimore Archives| access-date=January 19, 2011}}</ref> The city experienced challenges again in 1974 when teachers, [[Baltimore municipal strike of 1974|municipal workers]], and [[Baltimore police strike|police officers]] conducted strikes.<ref>Police Chief [[Donald Pomerleau]] said, "We're in a semi-riot mode, similar to the 1968 riots." See: {{cite news| title=Cops storm jail rebels; Baltimore in semi-riot state| newspaper=Chicago Tribune| date=July 14, 1974| agency=UPI| id={{ProQuest|171096090}}}}</ref> By the beginning of the 1970s, Baltimore's downtown area, known as the Inner Harbor, had been neglected and was occupied by a collection of abandoned warehouses. The nickname "Charm City" came from a 1975 meeting of advertisers seeking to improve the city's reputation.<ref name="Sandler95">{{cite news| last=Sandler| first=Gilbert| title=How the city's nickname came to be| url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-07-18/news/1995199190_1_charm-city-bill-evans-loden| access-date=August 1, 2012| newspaper=The Baltimore Sun| date=July 18, 1995}}</ref><ref name="Sandler98">{{cite news| last=Sandler| first=Gil| title=Where did city get its charming nickname? Baltimore Glimpses| url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1998-08-18/news/1998230119_1_charm-city-mencken-bill-evans| access-date=August 1, 2012| newspaper=The Baltimore Sun| date=August 18, 1998}}</ref> Efforts to redevelop the area started with the construction of the [[Maryland Science Center]], which opened in 1976, the [[Baltimore World Trade Center]] (1977), and the [[Baltimore Convention Center]] (1979). [[Harborplace]], an urban retail and restaurant complex, opened on the waterfront in 1980, followed by the [[National Aquarium in Baltimore|National Aquarium]], Maryland's largest tourist destination, and the [[Baltimore Museum of Industry]] in 1981. In 1995, the city opened the [[American Visionary Art Museum]] on Federal Hill. During the [[HIV/AIDS in the United States|epidemic of HIV/AIDS in the United States]], [[Baltimore City Health Department]] official Robert Mehl persuaded the city's mayor to form a committee to address food problems. The Baltimore-based charity [[Moveable Feast (organization)|Moveable Feast]] grew out of this initiative in 1990.<ref name="fuller">{{cite news|url-access=subscription|access-date=October 26, 2015|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-159913164.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417222638/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-159913164.html|archive-date=April 17, 2016|title=Moveable Feast, which gives food to HIV/AIDS, terminally ill patients, might turn away clients|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|date=February 28, 2007|first=Nicole|last=Fuller}}</ref><ref name="godsend">{{cite news|access-date=October 26, 2015|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1131306.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416090514/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1131306.html|archive-date=April 16, 2016|url-access=|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|title=Meals a Godsend To AIDS Patients;Md. Program Helps Ease Burden for Homebound|date=June 9, 1990|first=Retha|last=Hill}}</ref><ref name="history">{{cite news|url=http://www.mfeast.org/about_us/history|access-date=October 26, 2015|title=History of Moveable Feast|work=About Us|publisher=Moveable Feast|date=2015|archive-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918164227/http://www.mfeast.org/about_us/history}}</ref> In 1992, the [[Baltimore Orioles]] [[Major League Baseball|baseball team]] moved from [[Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)|Memorial Stadium]] to [[Oriole Park at Camden Yards]], located downtown near the harbor. [[Pope John Paul II]] held an open-air mass at Camden Yards during his papal visit to the United States in October 1995. Three years later the [[Baltimore Ravens]] [[National Football League|football team]] moved into [[M&T Bank Stadium]] next to Camden Yards.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mdstad.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=26| title=Who We Are| work=Maryland Stadium Authority| access-date=October 26, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081018034743/http://www.mdstad.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=26| archive-date= October 18, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Baltimore has had a [[Crime in Baltimore|high homicide rate]] for several decades, peaking in 1993, and again in 2015.<ref>Mary Rose Madden, "[http://wypr.org/post/watch-part-6-baltimores-homicide-numbers-spike-closure-rate-drops On The Watch, Part 6: Baltimore's Homicide Numbers Spike As Closure Rate Drops]"; ''WYPR'' February 18, 2016.</ref><ref>Jess Bidgood, "[https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/14/us/Baltimore-homicides-record.html The Numbers Behind Baltimore's Record Year in Homicides]", ''The New York Times'', January 15, 2016.</ref> These deaths have taken an especially severe toll within the black community.<ref>Jocelyn R. Smith, "[http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302535 Unequal Burdens of Loss: Examining the Frequency and Timing of Homicide Deaths Experienced by Young Black Men Across the Life Course]"; ''American Journal of Public Health'' 105(53), July 2015; [[doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302535]].</ref> Following the [[death of Freddie Gray]] in April 2015, the city experienced [[2015 Baltimore protests|major protests]] and international media attention, as well as a clash between local youth and police that resulted in a [[state of emergency]] declaration and a curfew.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sanburn|first1=Josh|title=What's Behind Baltimore's Record-Setting Rise in Homicides|url=http://time.com/3905876/baltimore-murders-homicide-rate-record/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=June 2, 2015|access-date=December 16, 2015}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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