Abortion in the United States

====''Doe v. Bolton''====
{{main|Doe v. Bolton|l1=''Doe v. Bolton''}}
Under ''Roe v. Wade'', state governments may not prohibit [[Late termination of pregnancy|late terminations of pregnancy]] when "necessary to preserve the life or health of the mother", even if it would cause the demise of a viable fetus.<ref>{{ussc|name=Roe v. Wade|volume=410|page=113|pin=164|year=1973}} ("If the State is interested in protecting fetal life after viability, it may go so far as to proscribe abortion during [the third trimester], except when it is necessary to preserve the life or health of the mother.")</ref> This rule was clarified by the 1973 judicial decision ''[[Doe v. Bolton]]'', which specifies "that the medical judgment may be exercised in the light of all factors—physical, emotional, psychological, familial, and the woman's age—relevant to the well-being of the patient".<ref>{{ussc|name=Doe v. Bolton|volume=410|page=179|pin=192|year=1973}}</ref><ref name=PBS_Wars>{{cite web|title=Frontline / Abortion Wars / Roe v Wade and Beyond|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/clinic/wars/cases.html|website=PBS|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref><ref name=ACLU_25>{{cite web|title=The Right to Choose at 25: Looking Back and Ahead|url=https://www.aclu.org/right-choose-25-looking-back-and-ahead|website=ACLU|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref> It is by this provision for the mother's mental health that women in the U.S. legally choose abortion after viability when screenings reveal abnormalities that do not cause a baby to die shortly after birth.<ref name=Dailard>{{cite journal|last1=Dailard|first1=Cynthia|title=Issues and Implications, Abortion Restrictions and the Drive for Mental Health Parity: A Conflict in Values?|journal=The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy|date=June 1999|volume=2|issue=3|url=https://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/02/3/gr020304.html|access-date=October 2, 2015|archive-date=October 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004000450/https://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/02/3/gr020304.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Palley>{{cite book|last1=Palley|first1=Marian Lief and Howard|title=The Politics of Women's Health Care in the US|date=2014|publisher=Palgrave Pivot|location=New York & London|isbn=978-1137008633|page=74|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pa7mAgAAQBAJ&q=institute%20women's%20health%20doe%20bolton&pg=PA74|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref><ref name=PP_After_1st>{{cite news|title=Abortion after the First Trimester in the United States|url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/5113/9611/5527/Abortion_After_first_trimester.pdf|access-date=October 5, 2015|publisher=Planned Parenthood|date=February 2014}}</ref><ref name=DU_viability>{{cite web|title=Fetal Viability And Late-Term Abortion: The Facts And The Law|url=http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=389x5758875|website=Democratic Underground|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref>