Lagos

== Recycling, sewage and water supply ==

=== Recycling / waste management ===
In Lagos, only 40 percent of waste is collected and only 13 percent is recycled.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Lagos, Nigeria - Copenhagenize |url=https://copenhagenizeindex.eu/success-stories/community-cargo-bike-solution-lagos-garbage-crisis |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=copenhagenizeindex.eu}}</ref> 13,000 tonnes of waste are generated daily in the metropolis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The current state of waste management in Nigeria and the challenges of transitioning to a circular economy. |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/current-state-waste-management-nigeria-challenges-circular-braimah |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> Some residents burn their own waste, which does not improve air pollution.<ref name=":9" />

=== Water supply ===
Tap water in Lagos is not suitable for drinking, but can be used for other purposes such as cooking and showering.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winfield |first=Scott |date=2022-07-14 |title=Nigeria Tap Water Quality Report: Is It Drinkable? |url=https://waterdefense.org/water/tap/nigeria/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Water Defense |language=en-US}}</ref> The water in the distribution network is often contaminated. Since the raw water in the lagoon is too polluted, the city draws its water from the Ogun and Owo rivers. There has been debate about the poor water quality in Lagos for years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngoni |first=Simon |date=2020-11-09 |title=Can I drink the tap water in Nigeria (incl Lagos and Abuja)? - EN |url=https://tappwater.co/en/tap-water-nigeria-safe-drink-water-filter/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban Challenges in Lagos - clean water, sanitation and energy |url=https://www.internetgeography.net/topics/urban-challenges-in-lagos-clean-water-sanitation-and-energy/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Internet Geography |language=en-GB}}</ref> At the same time, a sizable proportion of the residents live in slums without access to piped water and sanitation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Price |first1=Roland K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYPNHUdJvGkC&pg=PA492 |title=Urban Hydroinformatics: Data, Models, and Decision Support for Integrated Urban Water Management |author2=Zoran Vojinovi? |publisher=IWA Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-843-3927-43 |page=492}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Nigeria |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NIGERIAEXTN/Resources/wss_1100.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222191013/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NIGERIAEXTN/Resources/wss_1100.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2018 |access-date=30 November 2016 |website=WorldBank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2006 |title=Lagos, the mega-city of slums |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2006/09/05/lagos-mega-city-slums |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131155532/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2006/09/05/lagos-mega-city-slums |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=The New Humanitarian}}</ref><ref>In 1995, the [[World Bank]] stated that "70 percent of Lagos' population lived in [[Squatting in Nigeria|squatted]] settlements in extremely poor environmental surroundings. Knee-deep floods sweeping raw sewage and refuse inside densely packed homes were frequent in neighborhoods where overcrowding was the norm. While the average residential density for Lagos was about 260 people per hectare, the population density in slums was between 790 and 1240 people per hectare." [http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/872021468290442515/pdf/ICR29680P071340IC0disclosed04040140.pdf Nigeria - Lagos Metropolitan Development and Governance Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510104519/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/872021468290442515/pdf/ICR29680P071340IC0disclosed04040140.pdf|date=10 May 2017}}, report of World Bank, 2006 (lookup on 2016-11-23)</ref>

=== Sewage ===
An efficient sewage system is lacking. Sewage is flushed into the open sewerage system by rainwater. This water then carries pollutants into rivers and the lagoon. Sewage also enters groundwater through leaking septic tanks and latrines. The contaminants can then contaminate the water in wells and boreholes. Water sold by street vendors can also be affected, as it comes from the same sources.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lagos Water Supply and Pollution |url=https://www.internetgeography.net/topics/lagos-water-supply-and-pollution/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Internet Geography |language=en-GB}}</ref>