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Switch editorYou have switched to source editingCloseYou can switch back to visual editing at any time by clicking on this icon.Visual editingSource editingMorePreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text==Sources== ===Books & periodicals=== {{refbegin|2}} <!-- A --> * {{cite book |last=Abulafia |first=Anna Sapir |editor1-last=Abulafia |editor1-first=Anna Sapir |author-link=Anna Abulafia |title=Religious Violence Between Christians and Jews: Medieval Roots, Modern Perspectives |chapter=Introduction |publisher=Palgrave |location=UK |year=2002 |pages=xi–xviii |isbn=978-1-34942-499-3}} * {{cite journal |last=Adams |first=Robert Merrihew |author-link=Robert Merrihew Adams |title=Nestorius and Nestorianism |year=2021 |journal=The Monist |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=366–375 |doi=10.1093/monist/onab005}} * {{cite book|last=Aguilera-Barchet|first= Bruno|year=2015|chapter= Popes vs. Emperors: The Rise and Fall of Papal Power|title= A History of Western Public Law|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-11802-4|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-11803-1}} * {{cite book |last1=Aguzzi |first1=Steven D. |title=Israel, the Church, and Millenarianism: A Way beyond Replacement Theology |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-11190-0}} * {{cite book |last=Akanji |first=Israel |year=2010 |chapter=Black Theology |editor-last=Irele |editor-first=Abiola |editor-link=Abiola Irele |title=The Oxford encyclopedia of African thought |volume=1 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-533473-9}} * {{Cite web |last=Albert |first=Eleanor |year=2018 |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/christianity-china |title=Christianity in China |website=Council on Foreign Relations |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707164822/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/christianity-china |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last=Allen Jr. |first=John L. |author-link=John L. Allen Jr. |title=The Global War on Christians: Dispatches from the Front Lines of Anti-Christian Persecution |publisher=Crown Publishing Group |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-770-43737-4}} * {{cite book|last=Althoff|first=Gerd|title= Rules and Rituals in Medieval Power Games|year=2019a|chapter=Papal Authority in the High Middle Ages|publisher=Brill|pages=173–188|doi=10.1163/9789004415317_015|isbn=978-9-00441-531-7|s2cid=211661394 }} * {{cite book|last=Althoff|first=Gerd|title= Rules and Rituals in Medieval Power Games|year=2019b|chapter=Communicating Papal Primacy: the Impact of Gregory VII’s Ideas (11th–13th Century)|publisher=Brill|pages=189–202|doi=10.1163/9789004415317_015|isbn=978-9-00441-531-7|s2cid=211661394 }} * {{cite journal|last=Ames|first=Christine Caldwell|title=Does inquisition belong to religious history?|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=110|issue=1|year=2005|pages=11–37|doi=10.1086/531119|jstor=10.1086/531119|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/531119|access-date=22 January 2024|archive-date=22 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122233514/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/531119|url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last1=Ames |first1=Christine Caldwell |title=Righteous Persecution: Inquisition, Dominicans, and Christianity in the Middle Ages |date=2009 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-4133-4}} * {{cite book |last=Anderson |first=Allan |author-link=Allan Anderson (theologian) |year=2006 |chapter=The Pentecostal and Charismatic movements |editor-last=McLeod |editor-first=Hugh |title=The Cambridge History of Christianity |pages=89–106 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521815000 |volume=9 |isbn=978-1-139-05485-0}} * {{cite book |author1-last=Anderson |author1-first=Allan |author2-last=Tang |author2-first=Edmund |year=2005 |title=Asian and Pentecostal: The Charismatic Face of Christianity in Asia |publisher=Oxford Centre for Mission Studies |isbn=978-1-870345-43-9}} * {{cite book |last=Angold |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Angold |chapter=The Russian Church |title=The Cambridge History of Christianity Eastern Christianity |volume=5 |year=2006 |editor1-last=Angold |editor1-first=Michael |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521811132.018}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Ankarloo |editor1-first=Bengt |editor1-link=:sv:Bengt Ankarloo |editor2-last=Clark |editor2-first=Stuart |editor3-last=Monter |editor3-first=E. William |title=Witchcraft and Magic in Europe |volume=4: The Period of the Witch Trials |date=2002 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-8122-3617-0}} * {{cite book |last1=Antoljak |first1=Stjepan |title=Pregled hrvatske povijesti |date=1994 |publisher=Orbis |location=Split |isbn=978-953-6044-01-6 |edition=2. dopunjeno izd}} * {{cite journal |last1=Arnold |first1=John H. |author1-link=John H. Arnold (historian) |title=Persecution and Power in Medieval Europe: The Formation of a Persecuting Society, by R. I. Moore |journal=The American Historical Review |date=2018 |volume=123 |issue=1 |url=https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article/123/1/165/4840259 |publisher=Academic OUP |access-date=3 July 2023 |archive-date=3 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703211953/https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article/123/1/165/4840259 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last=Asprey |first=Christopher |title=Ecumenism Today: The Universal Church in the 21st Century |editor-last=Murphy |editor-first=Francesca Aran |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |edition=first |isbn=978-0-7546-5961-7}} * {{cite book |last=Aston |first=Nigel |year=2006 |chapter=Continental Catholic Europe |editor1-last=Brown |editor1-first=S. |editor1-link=Stewart J. Brown |editor2-last=Tackett |editor2-first=T. |editor2-link=Timothy Tackett |title=The Cambridge History of Christianity |volume=7 |pages=13–32 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521816052.003 |isbn=978-1-139-05412-6}} <!-- B --> * {{cite journal|last=Babii|first=M.|year=2020|title=Religious Tolerance, Freedom of Conscience, Freedom of Religion and Belief in the period of Establishment of Christianity|journal=Relihijna Svoboda|volume=24|issue=24 |pages=10–19|doi=10.32420/rs.2020.24.1783|doi-access=free}} * {{cite book |last=Bachrach |first=Bernard S. |author-link=Bernard Bachrach |title=Early medieval Jewish policy in Western Europe |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |location=Minneapolis |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-8166-0814-0}} * {{cite book |last1=Baird |first1=William |title=History of New Testament Research, Volume One: From Deism to Tübingen |year=1992 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-2017-3}} * {{cite book |last1=Barnett |first1=Victoria |title=For the Soul of the People: Protestant Protest Against Hitler |date=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-512118-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3Y8DwAAQBAJ |access-date=17 August 2023 |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827213820/https://books.google.com/books?id=u3Y8DwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal|last=Barnett|first= S. J.|title= Where Was Your Church before Luther? Claims for the Antiquity of Protestantism Examined|journal= Church History|year=1999|volume=68|issue=1|pages=14–41|doi=10.2307/3170108|jstor= 3170108|s2cid= 154764488}} * {{cite book |last1=Barton |first1=John |author-link=John Barton (theologian) |title=Holy Writings, Sacred Text: The Canon in Early Christianity |date=1998a |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25778-1 |edition=reprint}} * {{cite book |last1=Barton |first1=James Levi |author1-link=James L. Barton |title=Turkish Atrocities: Statements of American Missionaries on the Destruction of Christian Communities in Ottoman Turkey, 1915–1917 |volume=2 |series=Armenian Genocide Documentation Series |date=1998b |publisher=Gomidas Institute |isbn=978-1-884630-04-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=66lCvqqLGpUC }} * {{cite book |last1=Barton |first1=Simon |author1-link=Simon F. Barton |title=A History of Spain |date=2009 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-137-01347-7 |edition=2nd, rev. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CpRKEAAAQBAJ |access-date=27 May 2023 |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527043317/https://books.google.com/books?id=CpRKEAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last=Bauer |first=Susan Wise |author-link=Susan Wise Bauer |title=The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople |year=2013 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-05976-2}} * {{cite book |last=Bayliss |year=2004 |first=Richard |title=Provincial Cilicia and the Archaeology of Temple Conversion |publisher=Archaeopress |place=Oxford |isbn=978-1-84171-634-3 |url=https://www.academia.edu/3165829 |access-date=17 May 2023 |archive-date=23 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523033454/https://www.academia.edu/3165829 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=Sascha O. |last2=Pfaff |first2=Steven |last3=Rubin |first3=Jared |title=Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation |journal=ESI Working Paper 16–13 |year=2016 |url=https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1177&context=esi_working_papers |issn=2572-1496 |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=25 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625032557/https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1177&context=esi_working_papers |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last=Behr |first=John |author-link=John Behr |year=2006 |chapter=Gaul |editor1-last=Mitchell |editor1-first=M. |editor1-link=Margaret M. Mitchell |editor2-last=Young |editor2-first=F. |editor2-link=Frances Young |title=The Cambridge History of Christianity |volume=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=366–379 |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521812399.021}} * {{Cite book |last=Bennison |first=Amira K. |author-link=Amira Bennison |date=1 August 2016 |title=The Almoravid and Almohad Empires |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |series=The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires |doi=10.1515/9780748646821 |isbn=978-0-7486-4682-1 |s2cid=189477556}} * {{Cite book |last1=Bernardini |first1=Paolo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m0JAGMuePO0C&pg=PA371 |title=The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450 to 1800 |last2=Fiering |first2=Norman |author2-link=Norman Fiering |date=2001 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-57181-430-2 }} * {{cite book |last1=Berndt |first1=Guido M. |author1-link=:de:Guido M. Berndt |last2=Steinacher |first2=Roland |author2-link=Roland Steinacher |year=2014 |title=Arianism: Roman Heresy and Barbarian Creed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8RsGDAAAQBAJ |location=London & New York |publisher=Routledge |edition=1st |isbn=978-1-4094-4659-0 }} * {{cite book |last1=Blainey |first1=Geoffrey |author1-link=Geoffrey Blainey |title=A Short History of Christianity |date=2011 |publisher=Penguin Group Australia |isbn=978-0-670-07524-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s8On9zCHGDEC |access-date=17 August 2023 |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827213816/https://books.google.com/books?id=s8On9zCHGDEC |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Bokenkotter |first1=Thomas |year=2007 |title=A Concise History of the Catholic Church |publisher=Crown Publishing Group |location=New York |isbn=978-0-307-42348-1 |edition=Rev.}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Boppart |first1=Timo |last2=Falkinger |first2=Josef |last3=Grossmann |first3=Volker |date=1 April 2014 |title=Protestantism and Education: Reading (the Bible) and Other Skills |journal=Economic Inquiry |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=874–895 |doi=10.1111/ecin.12058 |s2cid=10220106 |issn=1465-7295 |url=https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp3314.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307082125/https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp3314.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2020 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Bouteneff|1998}} |title=Father Arseny, 1893–1973: Priest, Prisoner, Spiritual Father: Being the Narratives Compiled by the Servant of God Alexander Concerning His Spiritual Father |translator=Vera Bouteneff |date=1998 |publisher=St. Vladmir's Seminary Press |isbn=978-0-88141-180-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qj3v3x18UoC |pages=vi–1 |access-date=17 August 2023 |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827213833/https://books.google.com/books?id=4qj3v3x18UoC |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Boyd |first1=William Kenneth|title=The Ecclesiastical Edicts of the Theodosian Code |date=2005 |publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. |isbn=978-1-58477-531-7 |edition=reprint}} * {{cite journal |last=Bradbury |first=Scott |title=Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice |journal=Phoenix |volume=49 |issue=4 |year=1995 |pages=331–356 |doi=10.2307/1088885 |jstor=1088885}} * {{cite book |last=Bremmer |first=Jan N. |year=2020 |chapter=2: Priestesses, Pogroms and Persecutions: Religious Violence in Antiquity in a Diachronic Perspective |editor1-last=Raschle |editor1-first=Christian R. |editor2-last=Dijkstra |editor2-first=Jitse H. F. |title=Religious Violence in the Ancient World From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-84921-0 }} * {{cite book |last=Brink |first=Stefan |title=Scandinavia and Europe 800-1350: Contact, Conflict, and Coexistence |publisher=ISD |chapter=New Perspectives on the Christianization of Scandinavia and the Organization of the Early Church |year=2004 |pages=163–175 |isbn=978-2-503-51085-9}} * {{cite book |last1=Brita |first1=Antonella |chapter=Genres of Ethiopian-Eritrean Christian Literature with a Focus on Hagiography |editor-last1=Kelly |editor-first1=Samantha |title=A Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea |date=2020 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-41943-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gddyAEACAAJ |pages=252–281 |access-date=18 July 2023 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718153035/https://books.google.com/books?id=2gddyAEACAAJ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Christopher |chapter=Christianity and the campaign against slavery and the slave trade |year=2006 |title=The Cambridge History of Christianity |volume=7 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |editor1-last=Brown |editor1-first=Stewart |editor1-link=Stewart J. Brown |editor2-last=Tackett |editor2-first=Timothy |editor2-link=Timothy Tackett |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521816052.028 |pages=517–535 |isbn=978-1-139-05412-6}} * {{cite journal|last=Brown|first= Peter|title= Eastern and western Christendom in late antiquity: a parting of the way|journal= Studies in Church History|year= 1976|volume=13|pages=1-24|doi=10.1017/S0424208400006574}} * {{cite journal |last=Brown |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Brown (historian) |title=The Problem of Christianization |journal=[[Proceedings of the British Academy]] |volume=84 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 |pages=89–103 |url=http://publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/82p089.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303104208/http://publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/82p089.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Peter |year=1998 |chapter=Christianization and religious conflict |editor1-last=Cameron |editor1-first=Averil |editor1-link=Averil Cameron |editor2-last=Garnsey |editor2-first=Peter |editor2-link=Peter Garnsey |title=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] XIII: The Late Empire, A.D. 337–425 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-30200-5}} * {{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Peter |title=The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, A.D. 200–1000 |date=2003 |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |location=Malden, MA |isbn=978-0-631-22137-1 |edition=2nd}} * {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Peter |year=2008 |chapter=Introduction: Christendom, c. 600 |editor1-last=Noble |editor1-first=T.|editor2-last=Smith |editor2-first=J. |editor2-link=Julia M. H. Smith |title=The Cambridge History of Christianity |volume=3 |pages=1–18 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521817752.002 |isbn=978-0-521-81775-2}} * {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Raymond E. |author-link=Raymond E. Brown |date=2010 |orig-date=1997 |title=An Introduction to the New Testament |series=[[Anchor Bible Series|The Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library]] |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-14016-3 |oclc=762279536}} * {{cite book |last=Bukowska |first=Aneta |title=Christianisierung Europas: Entstehung, Entwicklung und Konsolidierung im archäologischen Befund |publisher=Schnell & Steiner |year=2012 |chapter=The Origins of Christianity in Poland. Actual Research on the Church Archaeology |pages=449–468}} * {{cite book|last=Bundy|first=David|title=Cambridge History of Christianity|publisher=Cambridge University press|year=2007|editor1-last=Casiday|editor1-first= Augustine|editor2-last=Norris|editor2-first= Frederick W.|chapter=Early Asian and East African Christianities|pages=118–148|isbn=978-1-139-05413-3 |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521812443}} * {{cite book |editor-last1=Burgess |editor-first1=Stanley M. |last=Burgess |first=Stanley M. |chapter=Introduction |author-link=Stanley M. Burgess |title=Encyclopedia of Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |series=Religion and Society |location=New York |isbn=978-0-415-96966-6}} * {{cite book |last=Burnside |first=Jonathan |title=God, Justice, and Society: Aspects of Law and Legality in the Bible |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-975921-7 |publisher=Oxford University Press}} * {{cite book |last1=Bussell |first1=Frederick William |author-link1=:de:Frederick William Bussell |title=The Roman Empire: Essays on the Constitutional History from the Accession of Domitian (81 A.D.) to the Retirement of Nicephorus III (1081 A.D.). |date=1910 |publisher=Longmans, Green |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofh4ZgCIyXEC |access-date=5 August 2023 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803013311/https://books.google.com/books?id=ofh4ZgCIyXEC |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last=Butler |first=Cuthbert |author-link=Edward Cuthbert Butler |title=Benedictine Monachism: Studies in Benedictine Life and Rule |url=https://archive.org/details/BenedictineMonachism |year=1919 |publisher=Longmans, Green and Company |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/BenedictineMonachism/page/n13 3]–8 }} <!-- C --> * {{cite book |last1=Cairns |first1=Earle E. |title=An Endless Line of Splendor: Revivals and Their Leaders from the Great Awakening to the Present |date=2015 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-4982-2340-9}} * {{Cite magazine |last=Calciu-Dumitreasa |first=George |author-link=Gheorghe Calciu-Dumitreasa |title=Sermons to young people by Father George Calciu-Dumitreasa. 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