Islamic terrorism

==== Uzbekistan ====
{{See also|Terrorism in Uzbekistan}}

On 16 February 1999, six car bombs exploded in Tashkent, killing 16 and injuring more than 100, in what may have been an attempt to assassinate President [[Islam Karimov]]. The IMU was blamed.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Abdumannob|last1=Polat|first2=Nickolai|last2=Butkevich|url=http://www.iicas.org/english/Krsten_4_12_00.htm |title=Unraveling the Mystery of the Tashkent Bombings: Theories and Implications|date=28 November 2000 |access-date=9 February 2016 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030611072650/http://iicas.org/english/Krsten_4_12_00.htm|archive-date=11 June 2003}}</ref>

The IMU launched a series of attacks in Tashkent and [[Bukhara]] in March and April 2004. Gunmen and [[female suicide bomber]]s took part in the attacks, which mainly targeted police. The violence killed 33 militants, 10 policemen, and four civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/reports/centralasia/2004/04/14-070404.asp|title=Central Asia Report: 7 April 2004|work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}</ref> The government blamed [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]],<ref>{{cite web|first=Hooman|last=Peimani|url=http://www.cacianalyst.org/view_article.php?articleid=2299|title=Uzbekistan's reaction to Tashkent bombings generate doubts on efficacy|publisher=cacianalyst.org|date=21 April 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040617000825/http://www.cacianalyst.org/view_article.php?articleid=2299|archive-date=17 June 2004}}</ref> though the [[Islamic Jihad Union]] (IJU) claimed responsibility.<ref name="rferl.org">{{cite web |first=Gulnoza |last=Saidazimova|url=http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/09/6ec8adad-f98f-413d-95e1-776074d74a24.html|title=Germany: Authorities Say Uzbekistan-Based Group Behind Terrorist Plot|publisher=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |date=6 September 2007 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911181849/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/09/6ec8adad-f98f-413d-95e1-776074d74a24.html|archive-date=11 September 2007}}</ref>

[[Furkat Kasimovich Yusupov]] was arrested in the first half of 2004, and charged as the leader of a group that had carried out the 28 March bombing on behalf of Hizb ut-Tahrir.<ref name=Rfe2004-07-27>{{cite news|first=Bruce|last=Pannier|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1054045.html|title=Uzbekistan: 'Terror' Trial Likely To Hold Few Surprises|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|date=27 July 2004|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081213124934/http://www.rferl.org/content/Article/1054045.html|archive-date=13 December 2008}}</ref>

On 30 July 2004, suicide bombers struck the entrances of the US and Israeli embassies in Tashkent. Two Uzbek security guards were killed in both bombings.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3532518.stm|title=US FBI joins Uzbek blast inquiry|work=BBC News |date=3 August 2004 |access-date=4 August 2016}}</ref> The IJU again claimed responsibility.<ref name="rferl.org" />

Foreign commentators on Uzbek affairs speculated that the 2004 violence could have been the work of the IMU, Al-Qaeda, Hizb ut-Tahrir, or some other radical Islamic organization.<ref name="CRISIS">{{cite journal|last=Rotar|first=Igor|author-link=Igor Rotar|date=19 May 2005 |title=Terrorism in Uzbekistan: A self-made crisis|url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=400&no_cache=1|journal=Terrorism Monitor, Jamestown Foundation|volume=2|issue=8|access-date=4 August 2016}}</ref><ref name=CORNELL>{{cite news|first=Kathleen|last=Knox|url=http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/8147-18.cfm|title=Uzbekistan: Who's Behind The Violence?|publisher=[[Johnson's Russia List]]|issue=18 – JRL 8147|year=2004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040404040430/http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/8147-18.cfm|archive-date=4 April 2004}}</ref>