Vancouver

===The 20th century<!--[[South Vancouver, British Columbia]] redirects here-->===
[[File:RCMP 1938 sitdowner strike.jpg|thumb|Plainclothes [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police|RCMP]] officers attack [[Relief Camp Workers' Union]] protesters in 1938. Several protests over unemployment occurred in the city during the [[Great Depression]].]]
[[File:Downtown celebrations at the end of World War II, VPL 42793 (17106384760).jpg|thumb|Downtown celebrations at the end of [[World War II]]]]
The dominance of the economy by big business was accompanied by an often militant [[Trades and Labor Congress of Canada|labour movement]]. The first major sympathy strike was in 1903 when railway employees struck against the CPR for union recognition. Labour leader Frank Rogers was killed by CPR police while picketing at the docks, becoming the movement's first martyr in British Columbia.<ref name="phillips">{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Paul A. |title=No Power Greater: A Century of Labour in British Columbia |publisher=BC Federation of Labour/Boag Foundation |year=1967 |location=Vancouver}}</ref>{{Citation page|pages=39-41}} The rise of industrial tensions throughout the province led to Canada's first general strike in 1918, at the [[Cumberland, British Columbia|Cumberland]] coal mines on [[Vancouver Island]].<ref name="phillips" />{{Citation page|pages=71-74}} Following a lull in the 1920s, the strike wave peaked in 1935 when unemployed men flooded the city to protest conditions in the relief camps run by the military in remote areas throughout the province.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Manley |first=John |year=1994 |title=Canadian Communists, Revolutionary Unionism, and the 'Third Period': The Workers' Unity League |url=http://www.erudit.org/revue/jcha/1994/v5/n1/031078ar.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Journal of the Canadian Historical Association]] |series=New Series |volume=5 |pages=167–194 |doi=10.7202/031078ar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614201558/http://www.erudit.org/revue/jcha/1994/v5/n1/031078ar.pdf |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=November 12, 2006 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Brown 1987">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Lorne |title=When Freedom was Lost: The Unemployed, the Agitator, and the State |url=https://archive.org/details/whenfreedomwaslo0000brow |url-access=registration |publisher=Black Rose Books |year=1987 |location=Montreal |isbn=978-0-920057-77-3}}</ref> After two tense months of daily and disruptive protesting, the [[Relief Camp Workers' Union|relief camp strikers]] decided to take their grievances to the federal government and embarked on the [[On-to-Ottawa Trek]],<ref name="Brown 1987" /> but their protest was put down by force. The workers were arrested near [[Mission, British Columbia|Mission]] and interned in work camps for the duration of the Depression.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schroeder |first=Andreas |title=Carved From Wood: A History of Mission 1861–1992 |year=1991 |publisher=Mission Foundation |isbn=978-1-55056-131-9}}</ref>

Other social movements, such as the [[first-wave feminism|first-wave feminist]], moral reform, and [[Prohibition in Canada|temperance movements]], were also instrumental in Vancouver's development. [[Mary Ellen Smith]], a Vancouver [[women's suffrage|suffragist]] and [[Prohibition in Canada|prohibitionist]], became the first woman elected to a [[Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories|provincial legislature]] in Canada in 1918.<ref name="robin">{{cite book |last=Robin |first=Martin |url=https://archive.org/details/rushforspoilscom0000robi/mode/2up |title=The Rush for Spoils: The Company Province |publisher=McClelland and Stewart |year=1972 |isbn=978-0-7710-7675-6 |location=Toronto}}</ref>{{Citation page|page=[https://archive.org/details/rushforspoilscom0000robi/page/172 172]}} Alcohol prohibition began in the First World War and lasted until 1921 when the provincial government established control over alcohol sales, a practice still in place today.<ref name="robin" />{{Citation page|pages=[https://archive.org/details/rushforspoilscom0000robi/page/187 187–188]}} Canada's first [[Prohibition of drugs|drug law]] came about following an inquiry conducted by the federal [[Minister of Labour (Canada)|minister of Labour]] and future prime minister, [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]. King was sent to investigate damages claims resulting from a riot when the [[Asiatic Exclusion League]] led a rampage through [[Chinatown, Vancouver|Chinatown]] and [[Japantown, Vancouver|Japantown]]. Two of the claimants were [[opium]] manufacturers, and after further investigation, King found that white women were reportedly frequenting [[opium den]]s as well as [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]] men. A federal law banning the manufacture, sale, and importation of opium for non-medicinal purposes was soon passed based on these revelations.<ref>{{cite thesis |first=Catherine |last=Carstairs |title='Hop Heads' and 'Hypes':Drug Use, Regulation and Resistance in Canada |publisher=University of Toronto |type=PhD |date=2000 |url=http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ53757.pdf |access-date=June 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201195420/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ53757.pdf |archive-date=December 1, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> These riots, and the formation of the Asiatic Exclusion League, also act as signs of a growing fear and mistrust towards the Japanese living in Vancouver and throughout BC. These fears were exacerbated by the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] leading to the eventual [[Internment of Japanese Canadians|internment or deportation of all Japanese-Canadians]] living in the city and the province.<ref>{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Patricia E. |title=Mutual Hostages: Canadians and Japanese during the Second World War |year=1990 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto, Ontario |isbn=0-8020-5774-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mutualhostagesca0000unse/page/103 103] |url=https://archive.org/details/mutualhostagesca0000unse/page/103}}</ref> After the war, these Japanese-Canadian men and women were not allowed to return to cities like Vancouver causing areas, like the aforementioned [[Japantown, Vancouver|Japantown]], to cease to be ethnically Japanese areas as the communities never revived.<ref>{{cite book |last=La Violette |first=Forrest E. |title=The Canadian Japanese and World War II |year=1948 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto, Ontario |page=v}}</ref>

[[Merger (politics)|Amalgamation]] with Point Grey and South Vancouver gave the city its final boundaries not long before it became the third-largest metropolis in the country. As of January 1, 1929, the population of the enlarged Vancouver was 228,193.<ref>{{cite book |last=Francis |first=Daniel |title=L.D.:Mayor Louis Taylor and the Rise of Vancouver |publisher=[[Arsenal Pulp Press]] |year=2004 |location=Vancouver |page=135 |isbn=978-1-55152-156-5}}</ref>