Shunning

===Judaism===
{{Main|Herem (censure)}}
[[Herem (censure)|Cherem]] is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the [[Jew]]ish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is still used in the [[Haredi Judaism|Ultra-Orthodox]] and [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] community. In the 21st century, sexual abuse victims and their families who have reported abuse to civil authorities have experienced shunning in the Orthodox communities of New York<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/10/nyregion/ultra-orthodox-jews-shun-their-own-for-reporting-child-sexual-abuse.html Ultra-Orthodox Shun Their Own for Reporting Child Sexual Abuse] The New York Times, 9 May 2012</ref> and Australia.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/feb/19/rabbis-absolute-power-how-sex-abuse-tore-apart-australias-orthodox-jewish-community Rabbis' absolute power: how sex abuse tore apart Australia's Orthodox Jewish community] The Guardian, 18 February 2015</ref> Orthodox Jewish men who [[Get (divorce document)#Mesorevet get (Get refusal)|refuse to grant their wives a divorce]] are sometimes subject to shunning or shaming, as a form of social pressure intended to compel the husband to allow his [[Agunah#Mesorevet get (Get refusal)|wife]] to leave the marriage. This pressure can take the form of refusing to allow the husband to perform certain religious rituals in the synagogue, refusing his business in commerce, [[legal responses to agunah|legal solutions]] such as restraining orders, and public shaming.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stomel |first1=Rachel |title=A prying shame: The public scrutiny of get refusers |url=https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/a-prying-shame-the-public-scrutiny-of-get-refusers/ |website=The Times of Israel |access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lefkowitz Brooks |first1=Jacob Joseph |title=Rabbis, others demonstrate against 'get refuser' while he is sitting shiva |url=https://shalhevetboilingpoint.com/torah/2019/08/29/rabbis-others-demonstrate-against-get-refuser-while-he-is-sitting-shiva/ |access-date=11 January 2023 |work=Shalhevet Boiling Point |date=August 29, 2019}}</ref>