Second Great Awakening

===West===
{{main|Revival of 1800}}

In the newly settled frontier regions, the revival was implemented through camp meetings. These often provided the first encounter for some settlers with organized religion, and they were important as social venues. The camp meeting was a religious service of several days' length with preachers. Settlers in thinly populated areas gathered at the camp meeting for fellowship as well as worship. The sheer exhilaration of participating in a religious revival with crowds of hundreds and perhaps thousands of people inspired the dancing, shouting, and singing associated with these events. The revivals also followed an arc of great emotional power, with an emphasis on the individual's sins and need to turn to Christ, and a sense of restoring personal salvation. This differed from the Calvinists' belief in predestination as outlined in the [[Westminster Confession of Faith]], which emphasized the inability of men to save themselves and decreed that the only way to be saved was by God's electing grace.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=ushistory.org |title=Religious Transformation and the Second Great Awakening |work=U.S. History Online Textbook |url=http://www.ushistory.org/us/22c.asp |date=2018 |access-date=January 9, 2019}}</ref> Upon their return home, most converts joined or created small local churches, which grew rapidly.<ref>{{cite book | author =Dickson D. Bruce Jr. | title =And They All Sang Hallelujah: Plain Folk Camp-Meeting Religion, 1800–1845 | publisher =University of Tennessee Press | year =1974 | location =Knoxville | url =https://archive.org/details/andtheyallsangha00bruc | isbn =0870491571 | url-access =registration }}</ref>

The [[Revival of 1800]] in [[Logan County, Kentucky]], began as a traditional Presbyterian sacramental occasion. The first informal camp meeting began in June, when people began camping on the grounds of the [[Red River Meeting House]]. Subsequent meetings followed at the nearby [[Gasper River]] and Muddy River congregations. All three of these congregations were under the ministry of Presbyterian Reverend James McGready. A year later, in August 1801, an even larger sacrament occasion that is generally considered to be America's first camp meeting was held at [[Cane Ridge, Kentucky|Cane Ridge]] in [[Bourbon County, Kentucky]], under [[Barton W. Stone]] (1772–1844) with numerous [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]], Baptist, and Methodist ministers participating in the services. The six-day gathering attracting perhaps as many as 20,000 people, although the exact number of attendees was not formally recorded. Due to the efforts of such leaders as Stone and [[Alexander Campbell (clergyman)|Alexander Campbell]] (1788–1866), the camp meeting revival spread religious enthusiasm and became a major mode of church expansion, especially for the Methodists and Baptists.<ref name="autogenerated2005">Douglas Foster, et al., ''The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement'' (2005)</ref><ref name=Case3-4>{{cite book | author= Riley Case | title =Faith and Fury: Eli Farmer on the Frontier, 1794–1881 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society Press | year =2018 | location =Indianapolis | pages =3–4 | isbn =9780871954299}}</ref> Presbyterians and Methodists initially worked together to host the early camp meetings, but the Presbyterians eventually became less involved because of the noise and often raucous activities that occurred during the protracted sessions.<ref name=Case3-4/>

As a result of the Revival of 1800, the [[Cumberland Presbyterian Church]] was founded in 1810 near Dickson, Tennessee<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cumberland.org/center/CPC_Home_Page/About_Us.html | title=About Us }}</ref> by the Revs: Samuel McAdow,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cumberland.org/hfcpc/minister/McAdowS.htm | title=Rev. Samuel McAdow, 1760-1844 }}</ref> Finis Ewing,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cumberland.org/hfcpc/minister/EwingF.htm | title=Rev. Finis Ewing, 1773-1841 }}</ref> and Samuel King<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cumberland.org/hfcpc/minister/KingS.htm | title=Rev. Samuel King, 1775-1842 }}</ref> and became a strong supporter of the revivalist movement.<ref>{{cite book | author=L. C. Rudolph | title =Hoosier Faiths: A History of Indiana's Churches and Religious Groups | publisher =Indiana University Press | year =1995 | location =Bloomington | pages=117–22 | isbn =0253328829}}</ref> Cane Ridge was also instrumental in fostering what became known as the [[Restoration Movement]], which consisted of non-denominational churches committed to what they viewed as the original, fundamental Christianity of the [[New Testament]]. Churches with roots in this movement include the [[Churches of Christ]], [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]], and the [[Evangelical Christian Church in Canada]]. The congregations of these denomination were committed to individuals' achieving a personal relationship with Christ.<ref name="Sydney"/>