RENAMO

== Renewed clashes ==
{{main|RENAMO insurgency (2013–2019)}}

In October 2012, RENAMO's headquarters were relocated near Casa Banana (also named Sathunjira, RENAMO's former guerrilla base in the 1980s) in [[Gorongosa]], where a training camp was set up for around 800 partially armed followers. Previously, the headquarters had been moved from [[Maputo]] to [[Nampula]] in 2009.<ref>[http://www.southerntimesafrica.com/news_article.php?id=7690&title=Dhlakama%20back%20in%20the%20bush "Dhlakama back in the bush"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215184608/http://www.southerntimesafrica.com/news_article.php?id=7690&title=Dhlakama%20back%20in%20the%20bush |date=15 February 2015 }} ''Southerntimesafrica.com'', 29 October 2012</ref> RENAMO leader Afonso Dhlakama threatened to "destroy the country" if his political demands were not met.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201211150280.html "Mozambique: Dhlakama Threatens to Destroy the Country"] ''[[All Africa]]'' (Agência de Informação de Moçambique), 14 November 2012</ref>

On 4 April 2013, one woman and four police officers were killed, with ten policemen more injured in a RENAMO attack on a police station in the town of [[Muxengue]]. The leader of the attackers was also killed.<ref>[http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Five-killed-in-Mozambique-clashes-20130404 "Five killed in Mozambique clashes"] [[News24 (website)|''News 24'']], 4 April 2013</ref> RENAMO's security chief stated that the action was a response to previous police raids on RENAMO gatherings. Around 300 RENAMO members had remained armed since the 1992 peace deal, despite efforts to integrate them into the [[Military of Mozambique|army]] or police.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22031922 "Mozambican ex-rebels Renamo in police clash"] [[BBC]], 4 April 2013</ref>

On 6 April 2013, two or three civilians were killed and two women were injured when alleged RENAMO militiamen attacked a truck and a bus in [[Chibabava District]].<ref>[http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/ec2b4f804f2c00379d619f1e5d06aea0/Renamo-attack-civilians-in-Intercape-bus-20130407 "Renamo attack civilians in Intercape bus"] ''[[SABC]]'' (SAPA-AFP), 7 April 2013</ref> RENAMO denied being involved in the attack.<ref>[http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Mozambique-bus-attack-controversy-20130407 "Mozambique bus attack controversy"] ''News 24'', 7 April 2013</ref>

On 21 June, suspected RENAMO guerrillas attacked a bus in [[Machanga]], [[Sofala Province]], injuring an elderly woman. The incident happened two days after RENAMO threatened to paralyse key roads and the only [[coal]] export train to force the FRELIMO government to renegotiate peace terms.<ref>{{cite news|title=Suspected Renamo rebels attack bus in Mozambique|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/africa/2013/06/21/suspected-renamo-rebels-attack-bus-in-mozambique|publisher=[[The Times (South Africa)|The Times]] (Reuters)|date=21 June 2013|access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref>

On 17 October, suspected RENAMO guerrillas ambushed a military patrol near [[Gorongosa]], RENAMO's stronghold, killing seven soldiers, according to local media.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mozambique-guerrillas-idUSBRE99G0UG20131017 "Renamo rebels kill seven Mozambique soldiers": local media] ''[[Reuters]]'', 17 October 2013</ref> On 18 October, another clash between [[Military of Mozambique|Mozambican Armed Forces]] (FADM) and RENAMO militiamen took place in Mucodza, seven kilometres away from Gorongosa. National director of defence policy in the Ministry of Defence, [[Colonel]] Cristovao Chume, claimed that the soldiers suffered no losses and that a RENAMO fighter was injured and captured by their forces. RENAMO leader Dhlakama claimed that no RENAMO fighters were killed on the attack, which, according to him, was started by the Army, and that the casualties had been suffered by the FADM. However, reporters confirmed that the bodies of two RENAMO fighters were in the local morgue of Gorongosa.<ref>[http://www.thezimbabwean.co/news/africa/68949/mozambique-two-renamo-members-killed.html "Mozambique: Two RENAMO members killed in Sofala clash"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20131021225313/http://www.thezimbabwean.co/news/africa/68949/mozambique-two-renamo-members-killed.html |date=21 October 2013 }} ''Thezimbabwean.co'', 19 October 2013</ref>

On 21 October, FADM forces captured Sathunjira base after several days of combat. RENAMO spokesman Fernando Mazanga claimed that the government forces had shelled the base with heavy weapons (artillery), and that Afonso Dhlakama had fled the base. A RENAMO statement said that the capture of the base puts an end to the 1992 peace deal.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-24615549 "Mozambique 20-year peace deal 'ends after base raided'"] BBC, 21 October 2013</ref> RENAMO announced that MP [[Armindo Milaco]] was killed in the government raid. On 22 October, gunmen attacked a police station in [[Maringué District]] in apparent retaliation, with no casualties reported.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201310301620.html "Mozambique Army Overruns Second Rebel Base"] ''Allafrica.com'' (''[[Cameroon Tribune]]''), 30 October 2013</ref>

On 26 October, alleged RENAMO fighters attacked civilian vehicles in the main north–south highway near [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]], killing one and injuring 10 people. RENAMO denied its implication in the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/10/mozambican-rebel-group-denies-attack-2013102795429330980.html|title=Mozambican rebel group denies attack|access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>

=== 2014 peace process ===
On 5 September 2014 Dhlakama and president Guebuza signed a peace deal in an effort to end the two-year period of instability. The deal included integration of RENAMO forces into the army and a reform of the election oversight commission.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c3dee47e-350c-11e4-aa47-00144feabdc0.html|title=Renamo leader signs peace deal with Mozambique government|newspaper=Financial Times|date=5 September 2014|access-date=24 April 2017|last1=England|first1=Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/09/mozambique-government-renamo-sign-truce-201495111325375814.html|title=Mozambique rivals sign peace deal|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> However, after RENAMO's refusal to accept the 2014 presidential elections, problems in the implementation of the peace deal and after continued efforts by government forces to disarm RENAMO met resistance, Dhlakama broke off the peace process in August 2015. Since then there have been renewed clashes between government and RENAMO forces. Dhlakama claims there have been two attempts by the government to assassinate him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Mozambique-forces-in-deadly-clashes-with-Renamo-police-20151103|title=Mozambique forces in deadly clashes with Renamo – police|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201512230076.html|title=Mozambique: Renamo Wants Zuma to Mediate|date=23 December 2015|access-date=24 April 2017|via=AllAfrica}}</ref>

=== 2017 truce ===
In May 2017, RENAMO agreed to extend their truce indefinitely.<ref name="voanewsmozambiquerebelmovement">{{cite news|title=Mozambique Rebel Movement Renamo Extends Truce Indefinitely|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/mozambique-rebel-movement-renamo-extends-truce-indefinitely/3838230.html|access-date=5 May 2017|work=Voice of America|date=4 May 2017}}</ref>