Personality

==Historical development of concept==
The modern sense of individual personality is a result of the shifts in culture originating in the [[Renaissance]], an essential element in [[modernity]]. In contrast, the Medieval European's sense of [[self]] was linked to a network of social roles: "the [[Medieval household|household]], the [[Kinship]] network, the [[guild]], the [[Corporation (feudal Europe)|corporation]] – these were the building blocks of personhood". [[Stephen Greenblatt]] observes, in recounting the recovery (1417) and career of [[Lucretius]]' poem ''[[De rerum natura]]'': "at the core of the poem lay key principles of a modern understanding of the world."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Greenblatt |first=Stephen |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/755097082 |title=The swerve : how the world became modern |date=2011 |publisher=W.W. Norton |isbn=978-0-393-08338-5 |oclc=755097082}}</ref> "Dependent on the family, the individual alone was nothing," Jacques Gélis observes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gélis |title=A History of Private Life III: Passions of the Renaissance |year=1989 |editor-last=Ariès |editor-first=Philippe |page=309 |chapter=The Child: from anonymity to individuality |editor-last2=Duby |editor-first2=Georges}}</ref> "The characteristic mark of the modern man has two parts: one internal, the other external; one dealing with his environment, the other with his attitudes, values, and feelings."<ref name="Inkeles">{{Cite book |last1=Inkeles |first1=Alex |title=Becoming Modern |last2=Smith |first2=David H. |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-674-49934-8 |doi=10.4159/harvard.9780674499348 |author-link=Alex Inkeles}}{{pn|date=December 2019}}</ref> Rather than being linked to a network of social roles, the modern man is largely influenced by the environmental factors such as: "urbanization, education, mass communication, industrialization, and politicization."<ref name="Inkeles" /> In 2006, for example, scientists reported a relationship between personality and political views as follows: "Preschool children who 20 years later were relatively liberal were characterized as: developing close relationships, self-reliant, energetic, somewhat dominating, relatively under-controlled, and resilient. Preschool children subsequently relatively conservative at age 23 were described as: feeling easily victimized, easily offended, indecisive, fearful, rigid, inhibited, and relatively over-controlled and vulnerable."<ref name="JRP-2005">{{cite journal |last1=Block |first1=Jack |last2=Block |first2=Jeanne H. |title=Nursery school personality and political orientation two decades later |url=https://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2006/03/block.pdf |date=October 2006 |journal=[[Journal of Research in Personality]]  |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=734–749 |doi=10.1016/j.jrp.2005.09.005 |accessdate=22 February 2022 }}</ref>