Perfume

===Applying fragrances===
The conventional application of pure perfume (parfum extrait) in Western cultures is behind the ears, at the nape of the neck, under the armpits and at the insides of wrists, elbows and knees, so that the pulse point will warm the perfume and release fragrance continuously. According to perfumer [[Sophia Grojsman]] behind the knees is the ideal point to apply perfume in order that the scent may rise.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://forward.com/news/144873/perfume-nose-conjures-up-perfect-scents/ | title=Perfume 'Nose' Conjures Up Perfect Scents | website=Forward.com | access-date=8 August 2015 | author=Berger, Paul | date=26 October 2011 | archive-date=11 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811182008/http://forward.com/news/144873/perfume-nose-conjures-up-perfect-scents/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The modern perfume industry encourages the practice of layering fragrance so that it is released in different intensities depending upon the time of the day. Lightly scented products such as bath oil, shower gel, and body lotion are recommended for the morning; eau de toilette is suggested for the afternoon; and perfume applied to the pulse points for evening.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Agata A. Listowska, MA  |author2=Mark A. Nicholson, ASO |name-list-style=amp |title=Complementary Medicine, Beauty and Modelling|year=2011|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=9781456888954|pages=153–4}}{{self-published source|date=December 2017}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} Cologne fragrance is released rapidly, lasting around 2 hours. Eau de toilette lasts from 2 to 4 hours, while perfume may last up to six hours.<ref name="Turkington, Carol and Jeffrey S. Dover 2009 148">{{cite book|author1=Turkington, Carol  |author2=Jeffrey S. Dover |name-list-style=amp |title=The Encyclopedia of Skin and Skin Disorders|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9780816075096|page=148}}</ref>

A variety of factors can influence how fragrance interacts with the wearer's own physiology and affect the perception of the fragrance. Diet is one factor, as eating spicy and fatty foods can increase the intensity of a fragrance.<ref name="Fragrance Info / FAQs">{{cite web|title=Fragrance Info / FAQs |url=http://www.fragrance.org/faqs.php |publisher=The Fragrance Foundation |access-date=7 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108031824/http://www.fragrance.org/faqs.php |archive-date=8 November 2012 }}</ref>  The use of medications can also impact the character of a fragrance.<ref name="Fragrance Info / FAQs" /> The relative dryness of the wearer's skin is important, since dry skin will not hold fragrance as long as skin with more oil.<ref name="Turkington, Carol and Jeffrey S. Dover 2009 148" />