Mayo Clinic

=== Early years ===
Mayo Clinic originated with the medical practice of [[William Worrall Mayo]], M.D., (1819–1911).<ref name="Clapesattle">{{cite book |last=Clapesattle |first=Helen |title=The Doctors Mayo |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.63952 |publisher=The University of Minnesota Press |year=1941}}</ref>{{rp|5}} Born near [[Manchester, England]], he was mentored by the eminent British scientist [[John Dalton]]<ref name="Clapesattle"/>{{rp|11–13}} and immigrated to the United States in 1846.<ref name="Burns">{{cite book |last1=Blistein |first1=David |last2=Burns |first2=Ken |date=2018 |title=The Mayo Clinic: Faith—Hope—Science |publisher=Florentine Books |isbn=978-1948122290}}</ref>{{rp|29}} He worked his way west, earning two medical degrees at a time when formal education for physicians was limited.<ref name="Clapesattle"/>{{rp|20–21, 31}} Mayo settled in Indiana, and he married Louise Abigail Wright in 1851.<ref name="Clapesattle"/>{{rp|25}} They moved to Minnesota Territory in 1854, seeking a more healthful climate.<ref name="Clapesattle"/>{{rp|32–33}} The family relocated within Minnesota several times until Mayo's appointment as an examining surgeon for the [[Union Army]] military draft board during the [[American Civil War]] brought them to Rochester.<ref name="Clapesattle"/>{{rp|78}} On January 27, 1864,  Mayo advertised in the ''Rochester City Post'' the opening of a private medical practice "over the Union Drug Store on Third Street" with "all calls answered by day or night".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.postbulletin.com/news/special_report/fight-for-the-union-hope-grows-for-war-s-end/article_4f76d8e3-fa28-513e-9291-3331a8779fa3.html|title=Fight for the Union, 1864: Hope grows for war's end|last=Furst|first=Jay|date=2014|work=Post-Bulletin (Rochester, Minn.), Sept. 6, 2014}}</ref>

Both of W. W. Mayo's sons, [[William James Mayo]] (1861–1939) and [[Charles Horace Mayo]] (1865–1939), who became known as Dr. Will and Dr. Charlie, grew up in [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]] and attended medical school. William graduated in 1883 and joined his father's practice, with Charles joining in 1888.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schlup|first1=Leonard|last2=Ryan|first2=James G.|title=Historical dictionary of the Gilded Age|date=2003|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|location=Armonk, N.Y.|isbn=9780765621061|page=299}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mayo, Charles Horace (1865 - 1939)|url=http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E004673b.htm|website=Royal College of Surgeons|access-date=August 25, 2016}}</ref>
On August 21, 1883, a [[1883 Rochester tornado|tornado]] struck Rochester, causing at least 37 deaths and over 200 injuries.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Rochester, MN Tornado of 1883|publisher=[[National Weather Service]]|url=http://www.weather.gov/arx/aug211883tornadoes|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref> One-third of the town was destroyed, but the Mayo family escaped serious harm. Relief efforts began immediately in a variety of makeshift facilities. Mayo was placed in charge of organizing medical care for the wounded survivors. Needing nurses, he reached out to [[Mother Alfred Moes]], the founder of the [[Sisters of Saint Francis of Rochester, Minnesota]] (a teaching order).<ref name="Clapesattle"/>{{rp|244}}

After the crisis subsided, Mother Alfred approached W. W. Mayo with a proposal: The Sisters of St. Francis would raise funds to build a hospital in Rochester if he and his sons provided medical and surgical care.<ref name="Clapesattle"/>{{rp|246–247}} The agreement was made over a handshake.<ref name="Burns"/>{{rp|51}} On September 30, 1889, [[Mayo Clinic Hospital (Rochester)|Saint Mary's Hospital]] was opened by the Sisters with the three Mayo physicians on staff.<ref name="Burns"/>{{rp|11–22}}

[[File:1910StMarysHospitalRochesterMNcopyrightCarlAHolland.jpg|thumb|right|St. Mary's Hospital in 1910]]