Harry S. Truman

=== Officers' Reserve Corps ===
[[File:Officers, 129th Field Artillery, at regimental headquarters at Château du Chesnay near Courcemont, France, March 1919. Cap - NARA - 530949.tif|thumb|left|Officers of the 129th Field Artillery, at regimental headquarters at Chateau le Chanay near Courcemont, France, March 1919. Captain Harry S. Truman is pictured in the second row, third from the right.]]

Truman was honorably discharged from the Army as a [[Captain (United States)|captain]] on May 6, 1919.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sobel |first=Robert |date=1990 |title=Biographical Directory of the United States Executive Branch, 1774–1989 |url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldire00sobe |url-access=registration |location=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldire00sobe/page/358 358] |isbn=978-0-313-26593-8}}</ref> In 1920, he was appointed a [[Major (United States)|major]] in the [[Officers Reserve Corps]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/research-files/united-states-army-officers-reserve-corps-commission-harry-s-truman |title=United States Army Officers' Reserve Corps Commission for Harry S. Truman, March 20, 1920 |website=From Soldier to Senator: Harry S. Truman, 1918–1941 |publisher=Harry S. Truman Library and Museum |location=Independence, MO |access-date=April 23, 2022}}</ref> He became a [[Lieutenant Colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]] in 1925 and a [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] in 1932.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pullen |first=Randy |year=1999 |title=Twice the Citizen—And Then Some |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQIuAAAAYAAJ&q=%22harry+s.+truman%22 |journal=Army Reserve Magazine |location=Washington DC |publisher=U.S. Army Reserve |page=12 }}</ref> In the 1920s and 1930s he commanded 1st Battalion, 379th Field Artillery, [[102nd Infantry Division (United States)|102nd Infantry Division]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Clay |first=Steven E. |date=2010 |title=US Army Order of Battle, 1919–1941 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDnlMWhH9lgC&q=%22harry+s.+truman%22 |location=Ft. Leavenworth, KS |publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press |page=878|isbn=9780984190140 }}</ref> After promotion to colonel, Truman advanced to command of the same regiment.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tucker |first=Frank |date=December 1, 2010 |title=Army History: Truman, you're too old ...|newspaper=Gateway Today |publisher=Association of the United States Army, St. Louis Chapter |location=St. Louis |pages=5–8}}</ref>

After his election to the U.S. Senate, Truman was transferred to the General Assignments Group, a holding unit for less active officers, although he had not been consulted in advance.<ref name="ReferenceA">''Army History: Truman, you're too old''</ref> Truman protested his reassignment, which led to his resumption of regimental command.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> He remained an active reservist until the early 1940s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Maddox |first=Robert James |date=2007 |title=Hiroshima in History: The Myths of Revisionism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A2Zv3VD6ptQC&pg=PA77 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=University of Missouri Press |page=77 |isbn=978-0-8262-1732-5}}</ref> Truman volunteered for active military service during [[World War II]], but was not accepted, partly because of age, and partly because President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] desired senators and congressmen who belonged to the military reserves to support the war effort by remaining in Congress, or by ending their active duty service and resuming their congressional seats.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hst-bio.htm |title=Biographical Sketch: Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States |website=Trumanlibrary.org |publisher=Harry S. Truman Library and Museum |access-date=May 27, 2016}}</ref> He was an inactive reservist from the early 1940s until retiring as a colonel in the then redesignated [[U.S. Army Reserve]] on January 20, 1953.<ref>Pullen, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RQIuAAAAYAAJ&q=%22harry+s.+truman%22 Twice the Citizen]''</ref>