Gothic language Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! PreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text====Stops==== * The voiceless stops {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} are regularly noted by ''p'', ''t'' and ''k'' respectively: ''paska'' {{IPA|[paska]}} "Easter" (from the Greek {{lang|grc|πάσχα}}), ''tuggo'' {{IPA|[tuŋɡoː]}} "tongue", ''kalbo'' {{IPA|[kalboː]}} "calf". * The letter ''q'' is probably a [[labialized voiceless velar plosive|voiceless labiovelar stop]], {{IPA|/kʷ/}}, comparable to the Latin ''qu'': ''qiman'' {{IPA|[kʷiman]}} "to come". In later Germanic languages, this phoneme has become either a [[consonant cluster]] {{IPA|/kw/}} of a [[voiceless velar stop]] + a [[labio-velar approximant]] (English ''qu'') or a simple voiceless velar stop {{IPA|/k/}} (English ''c, k'') * The voiced stops {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} are noted by the letters ''b'', ''d'' and ''g''. Like the other Germanic languages, they occurred in word-initial position, when doubled and after a nasal. In addition, they apparently occurred after other consonants,: ''arbi'' {{IPA|[arbi]}} "inheritance", ''huzd'' {{IPA|[huzd]}} "treasure". (This conclusion is based on their behavior at the end of a word, in which they do not change into voiceless fricatives, unlike when they occur after a vowel.) * There was probably also a [[voiced velar plosive|voiced labiovelar stop]], {{IPA|/ɡʷ/}}, which was written with the digraph ''gw''. It occurred after a nasal, e.g. ''saggws'' {{IPA|[saŋɡʷs]}} "song", or long as a regular outcome of Germanic *''ww'': ''triggws'' {{IPA|[triɡʷːs]}} "faithful" (English ''true'', German ''treu'', Icelandic ''tryggur''). The existence of a long [ɡʷː] separate from [ŋɡʷ], however, is not universally accepted.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Magnús |last=Snædal |title=Gothic <ggw> |journal=Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis |volume=128 |year=2011 |pages=145–154 |doi=10.2478/v10148-011-0019-z |url=https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/634550.pdf}}</ref> * Similarly, the letters ''ddj'', which is the regular outcome of Germanic *''jj'', may represent a voiced palatal stop, {{IPA|/ɟː/}}:{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} ''waddjus'' {{IPA|[waɟːus]}} "wall" (Icelandic ''veggur''), ''twaddje'' {{IPA|[twaɟːeː]}} "two (genitive)" (Icelandic ''tveggja'').{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page