Jerusalem

==Culture==
[[File:Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Shrine of the Book]], housing the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], at the [[Israel Museum]]]]

Although Jerusalem is known primarily for its [[Religious significance of Jerusalem|religious significance]], the city is also home to many artistic and cultural venues. The [[Israel Museum]] attracts nearly one million visitors a year, approximately one-third of them tourists.<ref name=IMJ>{{cite web |title=About the Museum |publisher=The Israel Museum, Jerusalem |access-date=27 February 2007 |url=http://www.imj.org.il/eng/about/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206172904/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/about/index.html |archive-date=6 February 2007}}</ref> The {{cvt|20|acre|ha|0|order=flip|adj=on}} museum complex comprises several buildings featuring special exhibits and extensive collections of [[Jewish ceremonial art|Judaica]], archaeological findings, and Israeli and European art. The [[Dead Sea scrolls]], discovered in the mid-20th century in the [[Qumran Caves]] near the Dead Sea, are housed in the Museum's [[Shrine of the Book]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imj.org.il/eng/shrine/index.html |publisher=The Israel Museum, Jerusalem |title=Shrine of the Book |access-date=27 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228232740/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/shrine/index.html |archive-date=28 February 2007}}</ref> The Youth Wing, which mounts changing exhibits and runs an extensive art education programme, is visited by 100,000 children a year. The museum has a large outdoor sculpture garden and includes the [[Holyland Model of Jerusalem]], a scale-model of the city during the late [[Second Temple period]].<ref name=IMJ/> The [[Ticho House]] in downtown Jerusalem houses the paintings of [[Anna Ticho]] and the Judaica collections of her husband, an ophthalmologist who opened Jerusalem's first eye clinic in this building in 1912.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/Ticho_house/index.html |title=Ticho House |publisher=The Israel Museum, Jerusalem |access-date=28 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205165524/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/Ticho_house/index.html |archive-date=5 February 2007}}</ref>

[[File:Jerusalem Zoo spider monkey.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Jerusalem Biblical Zoo]]]]

Next to the Israel Museum is the [[Bible Lands Museum]], near [[Israel Antiquities Authority#The National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel|The National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel]], which includes the [[Israel Antiquities Authority]] offices. A World Bible Centre is planned to be built adjacent to [[Mount Zion]] at a site called the "Bible Hill". A planned [[World Kabbalah Center|World Kabbalah Centre]] is to be located on the nearby promenade, overlooking the Old City. The [[Rockefeller Museum]], located in East Jerusalem, was the first archaeological museum in the Middle East. It was built in 1938 during the British Mandate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/rockefeller/index.html |title=The Rockefeller Archaeological Museum |publisher=The Israel Museum, Jerusalem |access-date=28 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304085126/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/rockefeller/index.html |archive-date=4 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/rockefeller/permanent.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211171315/http://www.imj.org.il/eng/branches/rockefeller/permanent.html |archive-date=11 December 2007 |publisher=The Israel Museum, Jerusalem |title=The Rockefeller Archaeological Museum: About the Museum: The Permanent Exhibition |access-date=28 February 2007}}</ref> In 2006, a {{cvt|38|km|mi}} [[Jerusalem Trail]] was opened, a hiking trail that goes to many cultural sites and [[national parks]] in and around Jerusalem. The [[Jerusalem Biblical Zoo]] has ranked consistently as Israel's top tourist attraction for Israelis.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rosenblum |first=Irit |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/843385.html |title=Haareez Biblical Zoo favorite tourist site in 2006 |work=Haaretz |location=Israel |access-date=11 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lis |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/978314.html |title=Jerusalem Zoo is Israel's number one tourist attraction |work=Haaretz |location=Israel |access-date=9 September 2011}}</ref>

The national cemetery of Israel is located at the city's western edge, near the [[Jerusalem Forest]] on [[Mount Herzl]]. The western extension of Mount Herzl is the Mount of Remembrance, where the main Holocaust museum of Israel is located. [[Yad Vashem]], Israel's national memorial to the victims of the [[Holocaust]], houses the world's largest library of Holocaust-related information.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yadvashem.org/ |publisher=The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority |title=Yad Vashem |access-date=28 February 2007 |archive-date=4 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204081835/http://www.yadvashem.org/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> It houses an estimated 100,000 books and articles. The complex contains a state-of-the-art museum that explores the genocide of the Jews through exhibits that focus on the personal stories of individuals and families killed in the Holocaust. An art gallery featuring the work of artists who perished is also present. Further, Yad Vashem commemorates the 1.5&nbsp;million Jewish children murdered by the Nazis, and honours the [[Righteous among the Nations]].<ref name=YV>{{cite web |url=http://www1.yadvashem.org/about_yad/index_about_yad.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070217113512/http://www1.yadvashem.org/about_yad/index_about_yad.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2007 |publisher=The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority |title=About Yad Vashem |access-date=28 February 2007}}</ref>

[[File:NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023 - 2.jpg|thumb|The new building of the [[National Library of Israel]]]]

The [[Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra]], established in the 1940s,<ref name=JSO>{{cite web |publisher=Jerusalem Orchestra |access-date=4 March 2007 |title=History |url=http://www.jso.co.il/history_english.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928091514/http://www.jso.co.il/history_english.php |archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref> has appeared around the world.<ref name=JSO/> The [[International Convention Center (Jerusalem)|International Convention Centre]] (''Binyanei HaUma'') near the entrance to city houses the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]]. The Jerusalem Cinemateque, the [[Gerard Behar Center|Gerard Behar Centre]] (formerly Beit Ha'Am) in downtown Jerusalem, the [[Jerusalem Music Centre]] in [[Yemin Moshe]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Jerusalem Music Center |url=http://www.jmc.co.il/Default.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317224824/http://www.jmc.co.il/Default.asp |archive-date=17 March 2007 |access-date=18 May 2007}}</ref> and the Targ Music Centre in [[Ein Kerem]] also present the arts. The [[Israel Festival]], featuring indoor and outdoor performances by local and international singers, concerts, plays, and street theatre has been held annually since 1961, and Jerusalem has been the major organizer of this event. The [[Jerusalem Theater|Jerusalem Theatre]] in the [[Talbiya]] neighbourhood hosts over 150 concerts a year, as well as theatre and dance companies and performing artists from overseas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalem-theatre.co.il/about_en.asp |publisher=Jerusalem Theater |title=The Jerusalem Centre for the Performing Arts |access-date=4 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202220213/http://www.jerusalem-theatre.co.il/about_en.asp |archive-date=2 February 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[The Jerusalem Khan Theatre|Khan Theatre]], located in a caravanserai opposite the old Jerusalem train station, is the city's only [[repertory|repertoire]] theatre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.khan.co.il/about/index_english.php |publisher=The Khan Theatre |title=About Us |year=2004 |access-date=9 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811081440/http://www.khan.co.il/about/index_english.php |archive-date=11 August 2010}}</ref> The station itself has become a venue for cultural events in recent years as the site of ''Shav'ua Hasefer'' (an annual week-long book fair) and outdoor music performances.<ref>{{cite web |title=Summer Nights Festival 2008 |publisher=Jerusalem Foundation |access-date=20 July 2008 |url=http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/news_article.aspx?MID=547&CID=558&AID=738&ID=2452 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220124345/http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/news_article.aspx?MID=547&CID=558&AID=738&ID=2452 |archive-date=20 December 2008}}</ref> The [[Jerusalem Film Festival]] is held annually, screening Israeli and international films.<ref name=filmfest>{{cite web |title=About The Festival |work=Jerusalem Film Festival |access-date=20 July 2008 |url=http://www.jff.org.il/?CategoryID=361&ArticleID=163&sng=1}}</ref> In 1974 the [[Jerusalem Cinematheque]] was founded. In 1981 it was moved to a new building on Hebron Road near the [[Valley of Hinnom]] and the Old City.

Jerusalem was declared the [[2009 Capital of Arab Culture|Capital of Arab Culture]] in 2009.<ref name="ynetBan">{{cite news |date=20 June 1995 |title=Israel bans Palestinian cultural events |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3689673,00.html |access-date=22 January 2010}}</ref> Jerusalem is home to the [[Palestinian National Theatre]], which engages in cultural preservation as well as innovation, working to rekindle Palestinian interest in the arts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pnt-pal.org/history.php |publisher=Palestinian National Theatre |title=History |access-date=4 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929051321/http://www.pnt-pal.org/history.php |archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref> [[The Edward Said National Conservatory of Music]] sponsors the Palestine Youth Orchestra<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ncm.birzeit.edu/pyo/about.htm |title=Palestine Youth Orchestra |publisher=Ncm.birzeit.edu |access-date=17 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927115145/http://ncm.birzeit.edu/pyo/about.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> which toured [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf]] and other Middle East countries in 2009.<ref>Joel Epstein, "Teaching in Palestine", ''The Strad'' June 2009, p. 42.</ref> The [[Islamic Museum]] on the Temple Mount, established in 1923, houses many Islamic artifacts, from tiny [[kohl (cosmetics)|kohl]] flasks and rare manuscripts to giant marble columns.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jmcc.org/palculture/go.htm |publisher=Jerusalem Media & Communication Centre |title=List of Palestinian Cultural & Archeological Sites |access-date=20 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125080612/http://jmcc.org/palculture/go.htm |archive-date=25 January 2008}}</ref> Al-Hoash, established in 2004, is a gallery for the preservation of Palestinian art.<ref name=alhoash>{{cite web |title=About Alhoash |work=Palestinian ART Court |access-date=20 July 2008 |url=http://www.alhoashgallery.org/aboutus.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703223719/http://www.alhoashgallery.org/aboutus.shtml |archive-date=3 July 2008}}</ref> While Israel approves and financially supports some Arab cultural activities,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Pletcher |first1=Kenneth |last2=Levy |first2=Michael |last3=Augustyn |first3=Adam |last4=Etheredge |first4=Laura |last5=Tikkanen |first5=Amy |last6=McKenna |first6=Amy |last7=Tesch |first7=Noah |last8=Lotha |first8=Gloria |last9=Zeidan |first9=Adam |display-authors=etal |date=27 April 2023 |title=Israel – The arts |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel/The-arts |access-date=3 May 2023 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref> Arab Capital of Culture events were banned because they were sponsored by the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestine National Authority]].<ref name=ynetBan/> In 2009, a four-day culture festival was held in the [[Beit 'Anan]] suburb of Jerusalem, attended by more than 15,000 people<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alquds2009.org/etemplate.php?id=273 |title=Promoting Palestinian culture presents challenge to occupation and celebrates heritage |publisher=Alquds2009.org |access-date=11 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180701/https://alquds2009.org/etemplate.php?id=273 |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> [[Palestinian cinema]] is based in the city of Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reiff |first=Ben |date=16 August 2023 |title=At local festivals, Palestinian cinema steps out of its comfort zone |url=https://www.972mag.com/palestinian-film-festivals-haifa-jerusalem/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Museum on the Seam, which explores issues of coexistence through art, is situated on the road dividing eastern and western Jerusalem.<ref name=seam>{{cite web |title=The Museum |work=Museum on the Seam |access-date=9 September 2011 |url=http://www.mots.org.il/eng/museum/about.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429045200/http://www.mots.org.il/eng/museum/about.asp |archive-date=29 April 2009}}</ref> The Abraham Fund and the Jerusalem Intercultural Centre (JICC) promote joint Jewish-Palestinian cultural projects. The Jerusalem Centre for Middle Eastern Music and Dance<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/project_overview.aspx?TAB=0&MID=550&CID=566&PID=641 |title=Jerusalem Center for Middle Eastern Music and Dance |publisher=Jerusalemfoundation.org |access-date=17 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001134242/http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/project_overview.aspx?TAB=0&MID=550&CID=566&PID=641 |archive-date=1 October 2011}}</ref> is open to Arabs and Jews and offers workshops on Jewish-Arab dialogue through the arts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jicc.org.il/activityPage.asp?activityID=7&subActivityID=14&activityPageID=19 |title=''"Speaking Art" Conference: Jewish-Arab Dialogue Through the Arts'' at the Jerusalem Intercultural Center |publisher=Jicc.org.il |access-date=17 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105231109/http://www.jicc.org.il/activityPage.asp?activityID=7&subActivityID=14&activityPageID=19 |archive-date=5 November 2011}}</ref> The Jewish-Arab Youth Orchestra performs both European classical and Middle Eastern music.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/he/project_overview.aspx?TAB=0&MID=769&CID=792&PID=841 |title=The Jewish-Arab Youth Orchestra |publisher=Jerusalemfoundation.org |access-date=11 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726062320/http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/he/project_overview.aspx?TAB=0&MID=769&CID=792&PID=841 |archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> In 2008, the [[Tolerance Monument]], an outdoor sculpture by [[Czesław Dźwigaj]], was erected on a hill between Jewish [[East Talpiot|Armon HaNetziv]] and Arab [[Jabel Mukaber|Jebl Mukaber]] as a symbol of Jerusalem's quest for peace.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Isabel |last=Kershner |title=Symbol of Peace Stands at Divide Between Troubled Jerusalem's East and West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/18/world/middleeast/18jerusalem.html |work=The New York Times |date=17 October 2008 |access-date=18 October 2008}}</ref>

=== Media ===
Jerusalem is the state broadcasting centre of Israel. The [[Israel Broadcasting Authority]]'s main office is located in Jerusalem, as well as the TV and radio studios for [[Israel Radio]], [[Channel 2 (Israel)|Channel 2]], [[Channel 10 (Israel)|Channel 10]], and part of the radio studios of [[BBC News]]. [[The Jerusalem Post]] and [[The Times of Israel]] are also headquartered in Jerusalem. Local newspapers include [[Kol Ha'ir|Kol Ha'Ir]] and [[The Jerusalem Times]]. [[God TV]], an international Christian television network is also based in the city.

=== Sports ===
{{see also|Beitar Jerusalem F.C.|Hapoel Jerusalem B.C.|Jerusalem Marathon}}
[[File:TeddyStadiumJerusalemِApr172023 03.jpg|thumb|[[Teddy Stadium]], [[Malha]]]]
[[File:JerusalemArenaApr172023 01.jpg|thumb|[[Pais Arena]]|left]]

The two most popular sports are [[Association football|football]] (soccer) and basketball.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Culture and Customs of Israel |last=Torstrick |first=Rebecca L. |isbn=978-0-313-32091-0 |year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Press |page=141 |quote=The two most popular spectator sports in Israel are football and basketball.}}</ref> [[Beitar Jerusalem F.C.|Beitar Jerusalem Football Club]] is one of the most well known in Israel. Fans include political figures who often attend its games.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/MFA/Israel%20beyond%20the%20conflict/Betar%20Jerusalem-%20A%20Local%20Sports%20Legend%20Exports%20Tal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402050714/http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/MFA/Israel%2Bbeyond%2Bthe%2Bconflict/Betar%2BJerusalem-%2BA%2BLocal%2BSports%2BLegend%2BExports%2BTal |archive-date=2 April 2013 |publisher=Israel Magazine via the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |last=Griver |first=Simon |date=October 1997 |access-date=7 March 2007 |title=Betar Jerusalem: A Local Sports Legend Exports Talent to Europe's Top Leagues |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jerusalem's other major football team, and one of Beitar's top rivals, is [[Hapoel Jerusalem F.C.]] Whereas Beitar has been [[Israel State Cup]] champion seven times,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bjerusalem.co.il/ |title=בית"ר ירושלים האתר הרשמי – דף הבית |publisher=Bjerusalem.co.il |access-date=11 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823075655/http://www.bjerusalem.co.il/ |archive-date=23 August 2007}}</ref> Hapoel has won the Cup only once. Beitar has won the top league six times, while Hapoel has never succeeded. Beitar plays in the more prestigious [[Israeli Premier League|Ligat HaAl]], while Hapoel is in the second division [[Liga Leumit]]. Since its opening in 1992, [[Teddy Stadium]] has been Jerusalem's primary football stadium, with a capacity of 31,733<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.beitarfc.co.il/איצטדיון-טדי/ |title=בית״ר ירושלים – איצטדיון טדי |website=בית״ר ירושלים}}</ref> 
[[File:East Jerusalem by Mujaddara - panoramio (3434).jpg|thumb|[[Faisal Al-Husseini International Stadium]], [[Al-Ram]]]]
The most popular Palestinian football club is [[Jabal Al Mukaber (football club)|Jabal Al Mukaber]] (since 1976) which plays in [[West Bank Premier League]]. The club hails from Mount Scopus at Jerusalem, part of the [[Asian Football Confederation]], and plays at the [[Faisal Al-Husseini International Stadium]] at [[Al-Ram]], across the [[West Bank Barrier]].<ref name="pfa">{{cite web |url=http://www.pfa.ps/clubdetails.aspx?clubid=13 |title=Palestinian Football Association, Jabal Al-Mokaber |publisher=Pfa.ps |access-date=17 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502075101/http://www.pfa.ps/clubdetails.aspx?clubid=13 |archive-date=2 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="footwall">[http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/09/14/football.israel.palestine.beitar/index.html Football and the wall: The divided soccer community of Jerusalem], by James Montague, [[CNN]] 17 September 2010</ref>

In basketball, [[Hapoel Jerusalem B.C.|Hapoel Jerusalem]] is one of the top teams in the [[Israeli Basketball Super League|top division]]. The club has won Israel's championship in 2015, the [[Israeli Basketball State Cup|State Cup]] four times, and the [[EuroCup Basketball|ULEB Cup]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hapoel.co.il/hapoel.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102043627/http://www.hapoel.co.il/hapoel.asp |archive-date=2 January 2008 |publisher=Hapoel Migdal Jerusalem |title=Home |access-date=7 March 2007 |language=he}} (The listing of championship wins are located at the bottom after the completion of the Flash intro.)</ref>

The [[Jerusalem Marathon]], established in 2011, is an international marathon race held annually in Jerusalem in the month of March. The full 42-kilometre race begins at the Knesset, passes through Mount Scopus and the Old City's Armenian Quarter, and concludes at Sacher Park. In 2012, the Jerusalem Marathon drew 15,000 runners, including 1,500 from fifty countries outside Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baskin |first=Rebecca |title=First Jerusalem marathon to be held in 2011 |url=http://www.jpost.com/Sports/Article.aspx?id=159342 |access-date=2 February 2013 |newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=20 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Davidovich |first=Joshua |title=Kenyan slogs out Jerusalem marathon win through soggy weather |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/kenyan-slogs-out-jerusalem-marathon-win-through-soggy-weather/ |access-date=2 February 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=16 March 2012 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ward |first=Harold |title=Thousands brave rain, wind for Jerusalem marathon |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ileOZ_fQw-q-wWqRSxpZ8IOml_6Q?docId=CNG.cc1f0a0def2357600fe7ce8952046eeb.01 |access-date=2 February 2013 |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=16 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305100043/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ileOZ_fQw-q-wWqRSxpZ8IOml_6Q?docId=CNG.cc1f0a0def2357600fe7ce8952046eeb.01 |archive-date=5 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Pazornik |first=Amanda |title=Jerusalem hills won't faze local marathon runners |url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/60665/jerusalem-hills-wont-faze-local-marathon-runners/ |access-date=2 February 2013 |newspaper=[[Jweekly]] |date=27 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interactive course map |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/marathon11/eng/kataveMessage.asp?msg_id=14702 |publisher=[[Municipality of Jerusalem]] |access-date=2 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427222723/http://www.hotzvim.org.il/SiteFiles/1/35/901.asp |archive-date=27 April 2007}}</ref>

A popular non-competitive sports event is the [[Jerusalem March]], held annually during the [[Sukkot]] festival.