Eucharist

====Gluten====
{{Main|Coeliac disease#Christian churches and the Eucharist}}
The [[gluten]] in wheat bread is dangerous to people with [[celiac disease]] and other [[gluten-related disorders]], such as [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity]] and [[wheat allergy]].<ref name=MulderWanrooijQuotation>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mulder CJ, van Wanrooij RL, Bakker SF, Wierdsma N, Bouma G |title=Gluten-free diet in gluten-related disorders |journal=Dig. Dis. |volume=31|issue=1|pages=57–62|date=2013|pmid=23797124|doi=10.1159/000347180 |s2cid=14124370 |type= Review |quote= The only treatment for [[coeliac disease|CD]], [[dermatitis herpetiformis]] (DH) and [[gluten ataxia]] is lifelong adherence to a [[gluten-free diet|GFD]].}}</ref><ref name=HischenhuberCrevelQuotation>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R|title=Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease |journal=Aliment Pharmacol Ther |volume=23|issue=5|pages=559–75|date=1 March 2006|pmid =16480395|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x |s2cid=9970042 |quote=For both [[wheat allergy]] and coeliac disease the dietary avoidance of wheat and other gluten-containing cereals is the only effective treatment.|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=VoltaCaio2015Quotation>{{cite journal |vauthors=Volta U, Caio G, De Giorgio R, Henriksen C, Skodje G, Lundin KE|title=Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a work-in-progress entity in the spectrum of wheat-related disorders |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol |volume=29|issue=3|pages=477–91|date=Jun 2015 |pmid=26060112 |doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2015.04.006 |quote=A recently proposed approach to [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity|NCGS]] diagnosis is an objective improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms and extra-intestinal manifestations assessed through a rating scale before and after [[gluten-free diet|GFD]]. Although a standardized symptom rating scale is not yet applied worldwide, a recent study indicated that a decrease of the global symptom score higher than 50% after GFD can be regarded as confirmatory of NCGS (Table 1) [53]. […] After the confirmation of NCGS diagnosis, according to the previously mentioned work-up, patients are advized to start with a GFD [49].}}</ref> For the Catholic Church, this issue was addressed in the 24 July 2003 letter<ref>[http://www.adoremus.org/CDF_Lowgluten-mustum2003.html letter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229140229/http://www.adoremus.org/CDF_Lowgluten-mustum2003.html |date=29 December 2010 }}</ref> of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], which summarized and clarified earlier declarations. The Catholic Church believes that the matter for the Eucharist must be wheaten bread and fermented wine from grapes: it holds that, if the gluten has been entirely removed, the result is not true wheaten bread.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/Liturgy/zlitur47.htm |title=Gluten-free Hosts |access-date=2008-04-22 |last=McNamara |first=Father Edward |date=2004-09-14 |work=ZENIT International News Agency |archive-date=4 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504055320/http://www.ewtn.com/library/Liturgy/zlitur47.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> For celiacs, but not generally, it allows low-gluten bread. It also permits Holy Communion to be received under the form of either bread or wine alone, except by a priest who is celebrating Mass without other priests or as principal celebrant.<ref>The same 24 July 2003 letter of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]].</ref> Many Protestant churches offer communicants gluten-free alternatives to wheaten bread, usually in the form of a rice-based or other gluten-free wafer.<ref>Jax Peter Lowell, [https://books.google.com/books?id=IRhm1A2_EkkC ''The Gluten-Free Bible''], p. 279.</ref>