Protestantism

==Ecumenism==
{{Main|Christian ecumenism}}
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|image1= Marburger-Religionsgespräch.jpg
|caption1=The [[Marburg Colloquy]] (1529) was an early attempt at uniting [[Martin Luther|Luther]] and [[Huldrych Zwingli|Zwingli]]. It failed as both reformers and their delegations could not agree on the sacrament of the [[Eucharist]]. Similar discussions were held in 1586 during the [[Colloquy of Montbéliard]] and from 1661 to 1663 during the [[Syncretistic controversy]]. Anonymous woodcut, 1557.
|image2= The 1910 World Missionary Conference,the Edinburgh Missionary Conference.jpg
|caption2=The Edinburgh Missionary Conference is considered the symbolic starting point of the contemporary ecumenical movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/what-we-do/cwme/history|title=History – World Council of Churches|website=www.oikoumene.org|access-date=30 July 2014|archive-date=25 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725221218/https://www.oikoumene.org/en/what-we-do/cwme/history/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
The ecumenical movement has had an influence on [[Mainline (Protestant)|mainline]] churches, beginning at least in 1910 with the [[Edinburgh Missionary Conference]]. Its origins lay in the recognition of the need for cooperation on the mission field in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Since 1948, the [[World Council of Churches]] has been influential, but ineffective in creating a united church. There are also ecumenical bodies at regional, national and local levels across the globe; but schisms still far outnumber unifications. One, but not the only expression of the ecumenical movement, has been the move to form united churches, such as the [[Church of South India]], the [[Church of North India]], the US-based [[United Church of Christ]], the [[United Church of Canada]], the [[Uniting Church in Australia]] and the [[United Church of Christ in the Philippines]] which have rapidly declining memberships. There has been a strong engagement of [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] churches in the ecumenical movement, though the reaction of individual Orthodox theologians has ranged from tentative approval of the aim of Christian unity to outright condemnation of the perceived effect of watering down Orthodox doctrine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0804/__P1T.HTM |title=Orthodox Church: text – IntraText CT |publisher=Intratext.com |access-date=19 November 2010 |archive-date=27 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527224429/http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0804/__P1T.HTM |url-status=live }}</ref>

A Protestant [[baptism]] is held to be valid by the Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize. However, as the ordination of Protestant ministers is not recognized due to the lack of [[apostolic succession]] and the disunity from Catholic Church, all other sacraments (except marriage) performed by Protestant denominations and ministers are not recognized as valid. Therefore, Protestants desiring full communion with the Catholic Church are not re-baptized (although they are confirmed) and Protestant ministers who become Catholics may be ordained to the [[Catholic priesthood|priesthood]] after a period of study.

In 1999, the representatives of [[Lutheran World Federation]] and Catholic Church signed the [[Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification]], apparently resolving the conflict over the nature of [[Justification (theology)|justification]] which was at the root of the Protestant Reformation, although [[Confessional Lutheran]]s reject this statement.<ref name=WELS-JD>{{cite web|url=https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=19&cuItem_itemID=6741 |website=WELS Topical Q&A |title=Justification |publisher=[[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]] |quote=A document which is aimed at settling differences needs to address those differences unambiguously. The Joint Declaration does not do this. At best, it sends confusing mixed signals and should be repudiated by all Lutherans. |access-date=26 July 2016 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090927213720/https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=19&cuItem_itemID=6741 |archive-date=27 September 2009}}</ref> This is understandable, since there is no compelling authority within them. On 18 July 2006, delegates to the World Methodist Conference voted unanimously to adopt the Joint Declaration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umc.org/site/c.gjJTJbMUIuE/b.1863123/k.FF49/World_Methodists_approve_further_ecumenical_dialogue.htm |title=News Archives |publisher=UMC.org |access-date=19 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721210415/http://www.umc.org/site/c.gjJTJbMUIuE/b.1863123/k.FF49/World_Methodists_approve_further_ecumenical_dialogue.htm |archive-date=21 July 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0604186.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060725190303/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0604186.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 July 2006 |title=CNS Story: Methodists adopt Catholic-Lutheran declaration on justification |publisher=Catholicnews.com |access-date=19 November 2010}}</ref>
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