Walmart

=== Effects on productivity ===
A 2001 [[McKinsey & Company|McKinsey]] Global Institute study of U.S. labor productivity growth between 1995 and 2000 concluded that "Wal-Mart directly and indirectly caused the bulk of the productivity acceleration" in general merchandise, representing 16 percent of total productivity growth in the retail sector.<ref>{{cite web |title = US productivity growth, 1995–2000 |url = http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/productivity_competitiveness_and_growth/us_productivity_growth_1995-2000 |publisher = [[McKinsey & Company|McKinsey]] Global Institute |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025420/http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/productivity_competitiveness_and_growth/us_productivity_growth_1995-2000 |archive-date = January 17, 2013 |url-status=dead |date = October 2001 }}</ref>
Walmart's transformative use of information technology, particularly in supply-chain management, is identified as a major reason for its impact on productivity per man hour.<ref name="Schrage">{{cite news |last1=Schrage |first1=Michael |title=Wal-Mart Trumps Moore's Law |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2002/03/01/235222/wal-mart-trumps-moores-law/ |access-date=October 18, 2022 |work=MIT Technology Review |date=March 1, 2002 |language=en |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018144452/https://www.technologyreview.com/2002/03/01/235222/wal-mart-trumps-moores-law/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Surowiecki">{{cite magazine |last1=Surowiecki |first1=James |title=The New Economy Was a Myth, Right? |url=https://www.wired.com/2002/07/myth-2/ |access-date=October 18, 2022 |magazine=Wired |date=July 1, 2002 |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018144452/https://www.wired.com/2002/07/myth-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ghemawat">{{cite news |last1=Ghemawat |first1=Pankaj |last2=Mark |first2=Ken A. |title=Opinion {{!}} The Price Is Right |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/03/opinion/the-price-is-right.html |access-date=October 18, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=August 3, 2005 |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018144455/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/03/opinion/the-price-is-right.html |url-status=live }}</ref> For every dollar spent by Walmart to improve its own technology, an estimated ten dollars has been invested by suppliers throughout its supply chain on their own systems and software. Economist [[Robert Solow]] has emphasized the importance of imitation and adaptation: in addition to improving its own efficiency, Walmart's innovations have been adopted by its competitors so that they can compete.<ref name="Schrage"/>