London

===Music===
[[File:Royal Albert Hall.001 - London.JPG|The [[Royal Albert Hall]] hosts concerts and musical events, including [[BBC Proms|The Proms]] which are held every summer, as well as cinema screenings of films accompanied with live orchestral music.|thumb]]
London is one of the major classical and [[popular music]] capitals of the world and hosts major music corporations, such as [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music Group International]] and [[Warner Music Group]], and countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the [[Barbican Arts Centre]] (principal base of the [[London Symphony Orchestra]] and the [[London Symphony Chorus]]), the [[Southbank Centre]] ([[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] and the [[Philharmonia Orchestra]]), [[Cadogan Hall]] ([[Royal Philharmonic Orchestra]]) and the [[Royal Albert Hall]] ([[The Proms]]).<ref name="London's Concerts"/> The Proms, an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music first held in 1895, ends with the [[BBC Proms#Last Night of the Proms|Last Night of the Proms]]. London's two main opera houses are the [[Royal Opera House]] and the [[London Coliseum]] (home to the [[English National Opera]]).<ref name="London's Concerts"/> The UK's largest [[pipe organ]] is at the Royal Albert Hall. Other significant instruments are in cathedrals and major churches—the church bells of [[St Clement Danes]] feature in the 1744 [[nursery rhyme]] "[[Oranges and Lemons]]".<ref>{{cite book |title=The Layman's Magazine of the Living Church, Issues 1-20 |date=1940 |publisher=Morehouse-Gorham |page=5}}</ref> Several [[conservatoire]]s are within the city: [[Royal Academy of Music]], [[Royal College of Music]], [[Guildhall School of Music and Drama]] and [[Trinity College of Music|Trinity Laban]]. The record label [[EMI]] was formed in the city in 1931, and an early employee for the company, [[Alan Blumlein]], created [[stereo sound]] that year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Early stereo recordings restored|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7537782.stm|work=[[BBC]]|access-date=28 March 2023|date=1 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807025132/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7537782.stm|archive-date=7 August 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Abbey Rd Studios.jpg|thumb|left|[[Abbey Road Studios]] in [[Abbey Road, London|Abbey Road]]]]
London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest indoor venue, [[The O2 Arena|the O<sub>2</sub> Arena]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 Year End Worldwide Ticket Sales – Top 200 Area Venues |url=http://www.pollstarpro.com/files/charts2015/2015YearEndWorldwideTicketSalesTop200ArenaVenues.pdf |url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517203229/http://www.pollstarpro.com/files/charts2015/2015YearEndWorldwideTicketSalesTop200ArenaVenues.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2016 |access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref> and [[Wembley Arena]], as well as many mid-sized venues, such as [[Brixton Academy]], the [[Hammersmith Apollo]] and the [[Shepherd's Bush Empire]].<ref name="London's Concerts"/> Several [[music festivals]], including the [[Wireless Festival]], [[Lovebox Festival|Lovebox]] and [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]]'s [[British Summer Time (concerts)|British Summer Time]], are held in London.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Keens |first1=Oliver |last2=Levine |first2=Nick |date=11 March 2021 |title=The best music festivals in London 2021 |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/music-festivals/the-best-music-festivals-in-london?package_page=48331 |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=Time Out London}}</ref>

The city is home to the original [[Hard Rock Cafe]] and the [[Abbey Road Studios]], where [[the Beatles]] recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like [[Elton John]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[David Bowie]], [[the Rolling Stones]], [[the Kinks]], [[Queen (band)|Queen]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[the Who]], [[Cliff Richard]], [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Iron Maiden]], [[Deep Purple]], [[T. Rex (band)|T. Rex]], [[the Police]], [[Elvis Costello]], [[Dire Straits]], [[Cat Stevens]], [[Fleetwood Mac]], [[the Cure]], [[Madness (band)|Madness]], [[Culture Club]], [[Dusty Springfield]], [[Phil Collins]], [[Rod Stewart]], [[Status Quo (band)|Status Quo]] and [[Sade (band)|Sade]], derived their sound from the streets and rhythms of London.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tow |first1=Stephen |title=London, Reign Over Me How England's Capital Built Classic Rock|date=2020 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2006/04/06/garycrowley_londontop40_feature.shtml |title=London's top 40 artists |date=6 April 2006 |publisher=BBC |access-date=9 September 2008 |isbn=978-0-89820-135-2}}</ref>

London was instrumental in the development of [[punk music]], with figures such as the [[Sex Pistols]], [[the Clash]] and fashion designer [[Vivienne Westwood]] all based in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2015 |title=PUNK – Paris Photo Special Feature |url=https://www.michaelhoppengallery.com/news/55/#:~:text=After%20a%20brief%20stint%20managing,the%20radical%20punk%20clothing%20style. |access-date=25 March 2021 |website=Michael Hoppen Gallery |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Whatley |first=Jack |title=In Pictures: The 'Anarchy In The U.K. Tour' of 1976, the infamous tour that never really toured |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/in-pictures-the-anarchy-in-the-u-k-tour-of-1976-the-infamous-tour-that-never-really-toured/|access-date=25 March 2021|website=Far Out Magazine |date=14 March 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref> Other artists to emerge from the London music scene include [[George Michael]], [[Kate Bush]], [[Seal (musician)|Seal]], [[Siouxsie and the Banshees]], [[Bush (British band)|Bush]], the [[Spice Girls]], [[Jamiroquai]], [[Blur (band)|Blur]], [[the Prodigy]], [[Gorillaz]], [[Mumford & Sons]], [[Coldplay]], [[Dido (singer)|Dido]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Adele]], [[Sam Smith (singer)|Sam Smith]], [[Ed Sheeran]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Ellie Goulding]], [[Dua Lipa]] and [[Florence and the Machine]].<ref name="Scene">{{Cite web |url=http://www.londonbc.co.uk/history-of-music-in-london.html |title=History of music in London |publisher=The London Music Scene |access-date=2 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427023619/http://www.londonbc.co.uk/history-of-music-in-london.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Artists from London played a prominent role in the development of [[synth-pop]], including [[Gary Numan]], [[Depeche Mode]], the [[Pet Shop Boys]] and [[Eurythmics]]; the latter's "[[Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)]]" was recorded in the attic of their north London home, heralding a trend for home recording methods.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPdJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |page=23 |title=Dawn of the DAW: The Studio as Musical Instrument |last=Bell |first=Adam Patrick |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190296629}}</ref> Artists from London with a Caribbean influence include [[Hot Chocolate]], [[Billy Ocean]], [[Soul II Soul]] and [[Eddy Grant]], with the latter fusing [[reggae]], soul and samba with rock and pop.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1983/08/02/eddy-grants-electric-rock-38/74a1753f-17b5-451b-b873-e1fd9f9237b0/|title=Eddy Grant's Electric Rock|author=Himes, Geoffrey|date=2 August 1983|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=19 March 2021}}</ref> London is also a centre for urban music. In particular the genres [[UK garage]], [[drum and bass]], [[dubstep]] and [[grime (music)|grime]] evolved in the city from the foreign genres of [[House music|house]], [[hip hop music|hip hop]], and reggae, alongside local [[drum and bass]]. Urban acts from London include [[Stormzy]], [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]], [[Jay Sean]] and [[Rita Ora]]. Music station [[BBC Radio 1Xtra]] was set up to support the rise of local [[urban contemporary]] music both in London and in the rest of the United Kingdom. The [[British Phonographic Industry]]'s annual popular music awards, the [[Brit Awards]], are held in London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brits.co.uk/history/shows/1977|title=Brit Awards History|website=Brit Awards|language=en|access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref>